Myelin sheath structure and regeneration in peripheral nerve injury repair

Abstract

Observing the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves following injury and during repair would help in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases caused by an abnormal myelin sheath. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and transcriptome analyses were used to investigate the structure and regeneration of the myelin sheath after end-to-end anastomosis, autologous nerve transplantation, and nerve tube transplantation in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury, with normal optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, sciatic nerve, and Schwann cells used as controls. The results suggested that the double-bilayer was the structural unit that constituted the myelin sheath. The major feature during regeneration was the compaction of the myelin sheath, wherein the distance between the 2 layers of cell membrane in the double-bilayer became shorter and the adjacent double-bilayers tightly closed together and formed the major dense line. The expression level of myelin basic protein was positively correlated with the formation of the major dense line, and the compacted myelin sheath could not be formed without the anchoring of the lipophilin particles to the myelin sheath.

Adipose tissue stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration—In vitro and in vivo

“…SCs can be distinguished into myelinating SCs (mSCs) or nonmyelinating SCs. The former ones ensheath nerves in a layer of myelin, and the latter wrap several axons, forming a Remak bundle (Liu et al., 2019). By a process involving rotation, the mSC membrane is elongated and wrapped up to hundreds of times around the underlying axon (Aguayo et al., 1976; Ritchie & Rang, 1983).…”

Epothilone B Facilitates Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Promoting Autophagy and Migration in Schwann Cells

“…We next examined the impact of EpoB on nerve regeneration, which is the structural foundation for functional recovery (Frendo et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019). To evaluate the impact of EpoB on neuronal regeneration, we co-stained for NF-200 (a neurofilament heavy subunit found in both large and small axons) and myelin basic protein (MBP; which is a marker of myelination) was performed on longitudinal sections (Figures 2A-L).…”

Acidic fibroblast growth factor attenuates type 2 diabetes-induced demyelination via suppressing oxidative stress damage

“…Substantial evidence has supported the notion that the enhanced proliferation and migration of SCs are a prerequisite for myelin regeneration 44 . To determine this effect in high-fat diet-fed T2DM model, we administered 0.5 mg/kg aFGF to T2DM mice by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 1 month.…”