Myelin as a regulator of development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Keogh, Ciara E.; Kim, Danielle H.J.; Pusceddu, Matteo M.; Knotts, Trina A.; Rabasa, Gonzalo; Sladek, Jessica A.; Hsieh, Michael T.; Honeycutt, Mackenzie; Brust‐Mascher, Ingrid; Barboza, Mariana; Gareau, Mélanie G.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.001

Cited by 75 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Indeed, various germ-free (GF) animal studies have shown that lifelong absence of microbiota not only alters gut physiological functions, but also the behaviour of those animals [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Similar findings are now appreciated regarding the effects of antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion on intestinal permeability, behaviour and cognitive functions [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. There are increasing studies in humans, both in early life and throughout the lifespan validating such findings [ 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Priming for Life: Early Life Nutrition and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

et al. 2021

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Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of important bodily systems such as the immune and the central nervous system during critical temporal windows of development, with possible structural and functional implications throughout the lifespan. These critical developmental windows perinatally (during the first 1000 days) are susceptible timepoints for insults that can endure long lasting effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Environmental and parental factors like host genetics, mental health, nutrition, delivery and feeding mode, exposure to antibiotics, immune activation and microbiota composition antenatally, are all factors that are able to modulate the microbiota composition of mother and infant and may thus regulate important bodily functions. Among all these factors, early life nutrition plays a pivotal role in perinatal programming and in the modulation of offspring microbiota from birth throughout lifespan. This review aims to present current data on the impact of early life nutrition and microbiota priming of important bodily systems and all the factors influencing the microbial coexistence with the host during early life development.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Priming for Life: Early Life Nutrition and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

et al. 2021

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“…The study from Cryan’s lab indicated that the microbiota was necessary for appropriate cortical myelination at an ultrastructural level ( Hoban et al., 2016 ). Gut dysbiosis in neonatal C57BL/6 mice can potentially alter myelination and thus impair cognition ( Keogh et al., 2021 ). This provides direct evidence that gut microbiota plays an essential role in basic neurogenerative processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washed Microbiota Transplantation Accelerates the Recovery of Abnormal Changes by Light-Induced Stress in Tree Shrews

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The gut and brain interact constantly in a complex fashion. Its intricacy and intrigue is progressively being revealed in the study of the “gut–brain axis”. Among many factors, abnormal light exposure is a potential powerful stressor, which is becoming ever more pervasive in our modern society. However, little is known about how stress, induced by staying up late by light, affects the gut–brain axis. We addressed this question by extending the normal circadian light for four hours at night in fifteen male tree shrews to simulate the pattern of staying up late in humans. The behavior, biochemical tests, microbiota dynamics, and brain structure of tree shrews were evaluated. The simple prolongation of light in the environment resulted in substantial changes of body weight loss, behavioral differences, total sleep time reduction, and an increased level of urine cortisol. These alterations were rescued by the treatment of either ketamine or washed microbiota transplantation (WMT). Importantly, the sustainability of WMT effect was better than that of ketamine. Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis indicated that ketamine acted on the hippocampus and thalamus, and WMT mainly affected the piriform cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus. In conclusion, long-term light stimulation could change the behaviors, composition of gut microbiota and brain structure in tree shrews. Targeting microbiota thus certainly holds promise as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, including but not limited to stress-related diseases.

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“…Mice were randomly assigned to wounded or unwounded groups to avoid bias in study design. Sample size calculation was performed using G∗Power (3.1) based on data collected in our previous behavioral experiments showing impairments, where α = 0.05, power [1-β] = 0.8 ( Keogh et al., 2021a , 2021b ). Two days prior to wounding surgery, all mice were sedated with 3–5% isoflourane and the dorsal surface was shaved, depilated wounded, and bandaged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin-brain axis signaling mediates behavioral changes after skin wounding

Fregoso

Hadian

Gallegos

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Patients with chronic wounds often have associated cognitive dysfunction and depression with an as yet unknown mechanism for this association. To address the possible causality of skin wounding inducing these changes, behavior and cognitive functions of female C57BL/6 mice with an excisional skin wound were compared to unwounded animals. At six days post wounding, animals exhibited anxiety-like behaviors, impaired recognition memory, and impaired coping behavior. Wounded animals also had concomitant increased hippocampal expression of Tnfa, the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) Nod2, the glucocorticoid receptors GR/Nr3c1 and Nr3c2. Prefrontal cortex serotonin and dopamine turnover were increased on day six post-wounding. In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS) findings, day six post -wounding serum catecholamines did not differ between wounded and unwounded animals, nor did levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, TNFα, or TGFβ. Serum IL6 levels were, however elevated in the wounded animals. These findings provide evidence of skin-to-brain signaling, mediated either by elevated serum IL6 or a direct neuronal signaling from the periphery to the CNS, independent of systemic mediators. Wounding in the periphery is associated with an altered expression of inflammatory mediators and PRR genes in the hippocampus, which may be responsible for the observed behavioral deficits.

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Myelin as a regulator of development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Cited by 75 publications

References 74 publications

Priming for Life: Early Life Nutrition and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Priming for Life: Early Life Nutrition and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Washed Microbiota Transplantation Accelerates the Recovery of Abnormal Changes by Light-Induced Stress in Tree Shrews

Skin-brain axis signaling mediates behavioral changes after skin wounding

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