Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers

Veprikova, Zdenka; Zachariášová, Milena; Džuman, Zbyněk; Zachariasova, Alena; Fenclová, Marie; Slavikova, Petra; Václavíková, Marta; Maštovská, Kateřina; Hengst, Daniel; Hajšlová, Jana

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02105

Cited by 82 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The FS available on the EU market are produced worldwide and some are manufactured by European companies. Although a number of reports have exposed the doubtful quality of selected FS produced outside the EU (Dolan et al 2003;Rzymski et al 2015a;Veprikova et al 2015;Rao et al 2017), there still remained a need to screen the European formulas. The present study is a comprehensive assessment of EU-manufactured multiingredient supplements based on minerals and vitamins sold in Polish pharmacies as regards their bioavailability, and levels of essential and toxic elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Poniedziałek

Niedzielski

Kozak³

et al. 2018

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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The market of food supplements (FS) in European Union (EU) is on the rise. The present study investigated the content of essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) and toxic elements (Cd, Cr(VI), Ni and Pb) in 168 FS produced in the EU and designed to support various health aspects (nutrition, neurological function, reproduction, weight loss, cosmetic appearance). The majority of FS did not exceed a dissolution time of 60 min in hydrochloric acid (89.8%) and phosphate buffer (85.7%). Cd and Cr(VI) were not detected in any FS, Ni and Pb were present sporadically (in 10.1 and 6.5%, respectively) at mean concentrations of 0.06 and 0.07 mg/single unit dose, respectively. All FS containing detectable Pb levels had exceeded a maximum allowance level (3.0 mg kg -1 ) set by the European Commission. Generally, the determined concentrations of essential elements fall greatly below recommended safety upper limits, except Fe in selected FS (mainly for pregnant women). Compared to the value declared on the product label, the majority of tested FS displayed mineral content below the accepted margin (70-130%). In general, the majority of the studied FS can be considered safe although discrepancies between declared and determined mineral content are worrisome. These findings are important in view of FS consumer safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Poniedziałek

Niedzielski

Kozak³

et al. 2018

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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“…It is important to note that these data were reported by only one country (the Czech Republic). Veprikova et al (2015) reported similarly high concentrations of T2 and HT2 in dietary supplements based on various herbs or plants collected from the Czech and US retail markets, and it is possible that a part of their data might have also been submitted to EFSA.…”

Section: Occurrence Data On Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and animal dietary exposure to T‐2 and HT‐2 toxin

Arcella¹,

Gergelová²,

Innocenti³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) toxin are trichothecenes, which form part of the group of Fusarium mycotoxins. Food and feed samples used to estimate human dietary and animal exposure were reported either as the individual results for T2 and/or, HT2, and/or as the sum of the two. The highest concentrations were reported in oats and oat-containing commodities. Very high levels were reported in a small number of data on specific plant-and herb-based dietary supplements. In humans, the mean chronic dietary exposure to the sum of T2 and HT2 was highest in 'Toddlers' and 'Infants', with maximum upper bound (UB) estimates of 64.8 and 62.9 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day, respectively. The 95th percentile dietary exposure was highest in 'Infants' with a maximum UB estimate of 146 ng/kg bw per day. UB estimations were on average fourfold higher than lower bound (LB) estimations. Average acute exposure ranged from a minimum of 13.4 ng/kg bw per day, estimated in 'Elderly', up to a maximum of 64.7 ng/kg bw per day estimated in 'Toddlers'. The highest 95th percentile acute dietary exposure was estimated for a dietary survey within the age class 'Infants' (170 ng/kg bw per day). Overall, among processed foods the main contributors were cereal flakes, fine bakery wares and, for acute exposure, also bread and rolls. In the elderly and very elderly, dietary supplements made an important contribution. Exposure to the sum of T2 and HT2 in farm and companion animals varied according to the animal species. Exposures considering mean concentration scenarios varied between 0.03-0.08 (LB-UB) lg/kg bw per day in beef cattle and 1.13-1.47 lg/kg bw per day in milking goats. For high concentration scenarios, exposures varied between 0.12-0.16 lg/kg bw per day and 2.37-2.58 lg/kg bw per day in the same species. In the absence of data, potential modified form were not included.

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“…V případě doplňků stravy však zůstává otázkou efektivita i bezpeč-nost těchto preparátů, např. kvůli vysokému obsahu mykotoxinů, které byly v takových přípravcích objeveny [2]. Registrovaná léčiva obsahující extrakt standardizovaný na obsah silymarinu se pře-depisují při léčbě jaterních onemocnění, např.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum) as a Supportive Phytotherapeutic Agent in Oncology

Frassová¹

2017

Klin Onkol

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Východiska:Ostropestřec mariánský (Silybum marianum) je rostlina, jejíž použití v medicíně má dlouholetou tradici, zejména v léčbě jaterních nemocí, kde se používá v rámci medicíny založené na důkazech (evidence-based medicine -EBM) i dnes. Její hlavní účinnou složkou je komplex flavonolignanů, známý jako silymarin. Silymarin se klinicky používá jako hepatoprotektivum, ale jeho potenciální účinky v léčbě onkologických onemocnění se v současné době dostávají do centra pozornosti. Cíl: Cílem této přehledové práce je poskytnout komplexní informace o potenciálních léčebných účincích ostropestřce u onkologických pa cientů a přiblížit možné indikace k jeho podání jako podpůrné terapie buď ke zvládnutí nádorového onemocnění, nebo jako prostředek ke zmírnění nežádoucích účinků onkologické léčby. Důraz byl přitom kladen nejen na průkaz účinků, ale zejména na bezpečnost jeho užívání stran nežádoucích účinků a interakcí s onkologickou léč-bou. Studie, které jsou k dispozici, poskytují především výsledky z in vitro studií a experimentů na zvířatech, ale stoupá počet klinických studií u onkologických pa cientů. Závěr: Na základě výsledků těchto studií lze konstatovat, že užívání ostropestřce, případně přímo silymarinu může být pro pa cienty přínosné, především při zvládání nežádoucích účinků protinádorových chemoterapeutik. Důkazy z klinických studií ukazují prospěšnost užívání silymarinu zejména v souvislosti s hepatotoxicitou a poškozením kůže a sliznic po radioterapii při dávkovém rozmezí 160-600 mg denně. Klíčová slovafototerapie -interakce bylin a léků -rakovina -škodlivé účinky -ostropestřec mariánský -Silybum marianum SummaryBackground: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been traditionally used in medicine, particularly in the treatment of liver dis eases. Today, it is used for the same purpose in evidence-based medicine (EBM). Its main active ingredient is a complex of flavonolignans, known as silymarin. Silymarin is used as a hepatoprotective agent, but its potential therapeutic use in oncology patients has drawn attention only recently. Purpose: The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the potential therapeutic effects of milk thistle in oncology patients and potential indications for its use as a supportive ther apy either as an anticarcinogenic agent or as an agent that attenuates the side effects of oncological treatments. Evidence of its effects and its safety, and possible interactions with other cancer treatments are emphasized. Available findings are supported mainly by in vitro studies and the results of animal research, but the number of clinical trials in oncology patients is increasing. Based on the results of these studies, milk thistle or silymarin could be beneficial in oncology patients, especially for the treatment of the side effects of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Evidence from clinical studies shows that it has mainly beneficial effects in hepatotoxicity and radiother apy-induced skin and mucosa damage at dosages of 160-600 mg daily.

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Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Human and animal dietary exposure to T‐2 and HT‐2 toxin

Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum) as a Supportive Phytotherapeutic Agent in Oncology

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