Mycotoxins in maize: mitigation actions, with a chain management approach

Palumbo, Roberta; Gonçalves, Ana; Gkrillas, Athanasios; Logrieco, A.; Dorne, Jean‐Lou; Dall’Asta, Chiara; Venâncio, Armando; Battilani, Paola

doi:10.36253/phyto-11142

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Fungi may also cause major problems at any stage of the food processing chain (i.e., in the field, during post-harvest, processing, storage, and handling steps) since they are able to grow in diverse environmental conditions [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Fungal proliferation in crops and foods causes severe losses in commodities, high economic deficits, and several health risks, due to the toxicity and pathogenicity of some species [ 27 ].…”

Section: The Problem Of Fungal Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review

Guimarães

Venâncio

2022

Toxins

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Fungal contamination presents several problems: in humans, health issues arise from infections with opportunistic filamentous fungi and yeast, while in food, fungi cause spoilage and, in particular, in the case of mycotoxigenic fungi, can cause serious health issues. Several types of fatty acids and their derivatives, oxylipins, have been found to have inhibitory effect towards fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins. The use of fatty acids as antifungals could fulfil consumer’s requests of more natural and environmentally friendly compounds, while being less likely to promote fungal resistance. In addition, due to their nature, fatty acids are easily used as food additives. In this work, we review the most relevant and recent studies on the antifungal ability of fatty acids. We focused on saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and oxylipins, their different impact on fungal inhibition, their proposed modes of action, and their ability to impair mycotoxin production. Applications of fatty acids as antifungals and their limitations are also addressed.

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Section: The Problem Of Fungal Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review

Guimarães

Venâncio

2022

Toxins

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“…Knowing this, we started testing for Aspergillus resistance, as we supposed that Hungary would eventually face the same problem when summer temperatures increase. When preharvest AFB1 is above 20 μg/kg, preventive methods with a higher resistance, supported by agronomy and other means, are crucial [ 13 , 14 ]. Toxin data from SGS Company [ 15 ] showed that DON, fumonisins, and AFB1 have been regular components of corn grains every year since 2012, with large local differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating the Methodology of Identifying Maize Hybrids Resistant to Ear Rot Pathogens and Their Toxins—Artificial Inoculation Tests for Kernel Resistance to Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, and Aspergillus flavus

Mesterházy

Szieberth²,

Toldine

et al. 2022

JoF

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Resistance to toxigenic fungi and their toxins in maize is a highly important research topic, as mean global losses are estimated at about 10% of the yield. Resistance and toxin data of the hybrids are mostly not given, so farmers are not informed about the food safety risks of their grown hybrids. According to the findings aflatoxin regularly occurs at preharvest in Hungary and possibly other countries in the region can be jeopardized. We tested, with an improved methodology (two isolates, three pathogens, and a toxin control), 18 commercial hybrids (2017–2020) for kernel resistance (%), and for toxin contamination separately by two–two isolates of F. graminearum, F. verticillioides (mg/kg), and A. flavus (μg/kg). The preharvest toxin contamination was measured in the controls. Highly significant kernel resistance and toxin content differences were identified between hybrids to the different fungi. Extreme high toxin production was found for each toxic species. Only about 10–15% of the hybrids showed higher resistance to the fungal species tested and lower contamination level of their toxins. The lacking correlations between resistance to different fungi and toxins suggest that resistance to different fungi and response to toxin contamination inherits independently, so a toxin analysis is necessary. For safety risk estimation, separated artificial and natural kernel infection and toxin data are needed against all pathogens. Higher resistance to A. flavus and F. verticillioides stabilizes or improves feed safety in hot and dry summers, balancing the harmful effect of climate changes. Resistance and toxin tests during variety registration is an utmost necessity. The exclusion of susceptible or highly susceptible hybrids from commercial production results in reduced toxin contamination.

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“…Several strategies have been considered to control pathogen infection and mycotoxin contamination in maize, both at pre- and postharvest stages ( Palumbo et al, 2020 ; Logrieco et al, 2021 ), including the use of resistant cultivars, improved agronomic practices ( Mesterházy et al, 2012 ), crop rotation, and fungicide and insecticide application ( Folcher et al, 2009 ; Mazzoni et al, 2011 ; Alberts et al, 2016 ). Nevertheless, a strategy that could prevent FB contamination is not yet available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Signaling Modulates the Response to Fumonisin Contamination and Its Source, Fusarium verticillioides, in Maize

et al. 2021

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Fumonisin-contaminated maize (Zea mays L.) products are a major health concern because of their toxic effects in humans and animals. Breeding maize for increased mycotoxin resistance is one of the key sustainable strategies for mitigating the effects of fumonisin contamination. Recent studies suggest a link between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid and oxylipin profiles. However, the data collected so far do not reveal a cause-and-effect relationship. In this study, to decipher the multifactorial nature of mycotoxin resistance and plant–pathogen interaction mechanisms, we examined the oxylipin and complex lipid profiles of two maize hybrids (H21 and H22, the latter showing significantly lower FBs content) grown in the open field in two locations over 3years. Untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-Q-TOF), together with chemometrics analysis, successfully distinguished between the two hybrids as having low- and high-level fumonisin contamination. Considering that H21 and H22 were exposed to the same environmental factors, the higher activation of lipid signaling systems in H22 suggests that other routes are enabled in the less susceptible hybrids to limit fumonisin B (FB) accumulation. Our results highlighted the crucial role played by oxylipin and sphingolipid signaling in modulating the complex maize response to F. verticillioides infection. Overall, our results returned a global view on the changes in lipid metabolites related to fumonisin accumulation under open field conditions, and revealed a strong activation of the lipid signaling cascade in maize in the presence of FB1.

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Mycotoxins in maize: mitigation actions, with a chain management approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 116 publications

The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review

The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review

Updating the Methodology of Identifying Maize Hybrids Resistant to Ear Rot Pathogens and Their Toxins—Artificial Inoculation Tests for Kernel Resistance to Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, and Aspergillus flavus

Lipid Signaling Modulates the Response to Fumonisin Contamination and Its Source, Fusarium verticillioides, in Maize

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