Mycotoxin profiles of animal feeds in the central part of Thailand: 2015-2020

Abstract

Background and Aim: Mycotoxin contamination in animal feeds is of considerable concern because it can affect animal health systems. As a result of contamination in the food chain, humans can indirectly come into contact with mycotoxins. The present study aimed to present mycotoxin contamination patterns in animal feeds from 2015 to 2020 and elucidate associations between the type of feed and the type of ingredient. Materials and Methods: Data were summarized from the records of the Kamphaeng Saen Veterinary Diagnosis Center from 2015 to 2020, which comprised the analyses of aflatoxin (AFL), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin (FUM), and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in feed ingredients, complete feeds, and unclassified feeds. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis. Results: ZEA was prevalent in animal feeds. The prevalence of each mycotoxin was constant from 2015 to 2020. Approximately 20-30% of samples were positive for AFL and FUM. The highest contamination was ZEA, which was found in 50% of the samples, and the occurrence of T-2 and DON was <10%. AFL significantly contaminated complete feeds more than feed ingredients. Feed ingredients were related to mycotoxin contaminations. The highest levels of AFL, FUM, and DON contamination occurred in 2017. The data in this year consisted mostly of soybean, corn, and rice bran. Conclusion: The number of positive samples of all five mycotoxins was constant from 2015 to 2020, but the occurrence of ZEA was the highest. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are significantly related to the type of feed and the type of ingredient.

Solid‐state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum improved the nutritional and physicochemical properties of wheat bran and whole wheat bread

“…Bran sample (2 g) was mixed with different sample extraction fluids (20 mL deionised water, 10 mL 70% methanol solution, 8 mL 90% methanol solution, 5 mL 70% methanol solution), respectively, and shaken for 5 min, followed by centrifugation at 2300 g for 10 min. Then, 0.5 mL of the supernatant was used for mycotoxin content measurement by using the corresponding mycotoxin detection kit (deoxynivalenol test kit, aflatoxin B 1 test kit, zearalenone test kit and ochratoxin A test kit) respectively following the manufacturer's instructions (Kananub et al ., 2021).…”

The Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Regulated, Emerging, and Masked Mycotoxins in Rice Bran and Maize from Southeast Asia

“…However, rice bran is frequently contaminated with mycotoxins because of the proliferation of toxin-producing fungi at the aleurone layer [5]. In a previous survey of rice bran, detectable levels of mycotoxins, especially those produced by Aspergillus genera [6][7][8] were found, with aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) found at concentrations of up to 28,000 µg•kg −1 and 12,000 µg•kg −1 , respectively [8].…”

“…Maize is most commonly contaminated with mycotoxins during production and storage. Aflatoxins, fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most common mycotoxins found in maize worldwide and are often contaminated simultaneously with various other mycotoxins from Fusarium and Aspergillus species [2,6,10,11].…”

Fumonisin B1 aggravates inflammatory injury via mTORC1/pyroptosis, while promotes viral replication via mTORC1/apoptosis in Canine influenza virus-infected mice and A549 cells

“…Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium verticillioides, widely contaminants maize, wheat, rice and other crops, and is frequently detected in animal feed (Kananub et al, 2021;Li et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017). Although multiple toxicity, the immunotoxicity of FB1 has drawn increasing attention.…”

“…FB1 pollution in crops is common in east Asia area due to the appropriate climate conditions for mycotoxins formation (Gruber-Dorninger et al, 2019). It was reported that about over 90% maize products and animal feed was contaminated by Fumonisins in China, South Korea and Thailand, though FB1 pollution is common, the contamination level is relatively low and mostly below the limit (Kananub et al, 2021;Li et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017). Due to the wide distribution of FB1 and spreading of CIV, the co-occurrence of FB1 and CIV on the canine is inevitable.…”