The Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Regulated, Emerging, and Masked Mycotoxins in Rice Bran and Maize from Southeast Asia

Siri-anusornsak, Wipada; Kolawole, Oluwatobi; Mahakarnchanakul, Warapa; Greer, Brett; Petchkongkaew, Awanwee; Meneely, Julie; Elliott, Chris; Vangnai, Kanithaporn

doi:10.3390/toxins14080567

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Furthermore, the dominance of the genus Aspergillus in the flora contaminating cereals and feeds have been reported in several studies [26][27][28][29]. The high frequency and abundance of Aspergillus and Penicillium in our study could be due to inadequate farming practices, poor quality feed, and poor storage conditions [30]. This situation becomes even more complicated when climatic conditions are favorable for the development of mold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Occurrence of Toxinogenic Fungi in Livestock Feeds in Eastern Algeria

Sara¹

2023

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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Background: The ubiquitous nature of molds, their ability to colonize diverse substrates, and the lack of effective control measures have contributed to the high incidences of molds and mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds. These dangerous secondary metabolites enter the food chain in the field, during storage, or later. Material and Methods: A total of 40 livestock feed samples were randomly collected from ten farms in eastern Algeria. The ten types of analyzed feed were: wheat bran, dried bread, alfalfa, straw, oat hay, barley, date scraps, grass silage, corn silage, and concentrate. Results and Discussion: Results show that all the samples were contaminated with different species of fungi. A total of 248 fungal strains were isolated. In terms of frequency, the genus Aspergillus was the most frequent fungi recovered from 32 samples (80%) between all feeds studied, followed by the genus Penicillium recovered from 31 samples (77.5%). Conclusion: As a preventive measure, appropriate agricultural practices could provide unfavorable conditions for the development of fungi and toxinogenesis. However, the installation of a mycotoxins-monitoring program may be necessary to protect animals' and consumers' health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Occurrence of Toxinogenic Fungi in Livestock Feeds in Eastern Algeria

Sara¹

2023

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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“…Along the food chain, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1 and B2, and patulin are the most common mycotoxins that can contaminate food and feed [29].…”

Section: Major Mycotoxin Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Review of Mycotoxin Biodegradation and Bioadsorption: Microorganisms, Mechanisms, and Main Important Applications

Ndiaye

Zhang

Fall

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Food/feed contamination by mycotoxins is a great threat to food safety. The contamination can occur along the food chain and can cause many diseases in humans and animals, and it also can cause economic losses. Many detoxification methods, including physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been established to eliminate mycotoxins in food/feed. The biological method, with mycotoxin detoxification by microorganisms, is reliable, efficient, less costly, and easy to use compared with physical and chemical ones. However, it is important to discover the metabolite’s toxicity resulting from mycotoxin biodegradation. These compounds can be less or more toxic than the parent. On the other hand, mechanisms involved in a mycotoxin’s biological control remain still unclear. Mostly, there is little information about the method used by microorganisms to control mycotoxins. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the most toxic mycotoxins and the different microorganisms that have a mycotoxin detoxification ability. At the same time, different screening methods for degradation compound elucidation are given. In addition, the review summarizes mechanisms of mycotoxin biodegradation and gives some applications.

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“…Більшість мікотоксинів накопичується в організмі до певного рівня, і лише після цього клінічні ознаки захворювання починають виявлятися (Wu et al, 2014;Koletsi et al, 2021). Мікотоксини в шлунку та кишечнику з корму швидко всмоктуються в кров і переносяться в печінку, нирки й інші органи та тканини, викликаючи крововиливи, розвиток у них дистрофічних і запальних процесів (Ekwomadu et al, 2021;Assis et al, 2021;Siri-Anusornsak et al, 2022).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

Chekan

2022

SMLNUVMB

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The results of the study of the treatment of cows for gynecological pathology when feeding fodder affected by mycotoxins are given in a comparative aspect. To detect microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in fodder, organoleptic, physico-chemical, toxicological-biological chemical-mycological research methods and clinical methods for researching the condition of the organs of the reproductive system of cows using ultrasound diagnostics were used. The purpose of the research was the approval of methods of treatment of cows for gynecological pathology in conditions of feed contamination with microscopic fungi and their toxins. The tasks of the research were to study the species characteristics of microscopic fungi and their toxins in fodder for cows; establish the prevalence of microscopic fungi and their toxins; to determine the effectiveness of treatment of cows for mycotoxicosis in a comparative aspect with the use of sorbents and an estrogen inhibitor during gynecological dispensation. Black and spotted cows were used for research according to the principle of analogues, 4 groups were formed. The animals of the 1st group were healthy animals (n = 42), the animals of the 2nd experimental group (n = 43) were fed with a product based on eleolite (2.5 kg/t of feed), the cows of the 3rd group (n = 41) injected a means based on an estradiol inhibitor in a dose of 3 ml per animal, the 4th group of animals (n = 42) did not receive treatment during the experimental period. The mycotoxins deosinivalenol and zearalenol were found to be present in 22.02 % to 27.3 % of the examined feeds. At the same time, the presence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium was established from 1.45 % to 4.9 % of the studied samples. The best treatment effect was obtained in the 3rd group of cows. The number of cases of ovarian hypotrophy was 2.1 times lower compared to the 4th and 1.8 times lower in the 2nd group, but 1.3 times higher than the 1st group. Ovarian atrophy in cows of the 3rd group was 2 times lower than in the 2nd group and 5 times lower than in the 4th group. Pathologies such as endometritis and persistent yellow body were diagnosed at the same time and were 4.5 times less in cows of the 3rd group than in the 2nd and 10.1 times less than in the 4th. Taking into account the obtained data, it can be concluded that the use of a remedy based on celeotite reduced the manifestation of gynecological pathology due to mycotoxicosis by 1.65 times, and the use of a remedy based on an estradiol inhibitor by 3.94 times.

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The Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Regulated, Emerging, and Masked Mycotoxins in Rice Bran and Maize from Southeast Asia

Cited by 26 publications

References 83 publications

Occurrence of Toxinogenic Fungi in Livestock Feeds in Eastern Algeria

Occurrence of Toxinogenic Fungi in Livestock Feeds in Eastern Algeria

Current Review of Mycotoxin Biodegradation and Bioadsorption: Microorganisms, Mechanisms, and Main Important Applications

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

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