Mycotoxin contamination of commercially important agricultural commodities

Reddy, K. R. N.; Abbas, Hamed K.; Abel, Craig A.; Shier, W. Thomas; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de; Raghavender, C. R.

doi:10.1080/15569540903092050

Cited by 75 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The AF and their toxic effects on key immune cells is a threat to animal and human health worldwide (CAST, 1989;Luongo et al, 2013;Reddy et al, 2009;Viegas et al, 2013). Recent data indicate that the chronic exposure of piglets to low mycotoxin levels still could affect the intestinal immune system and prolong infection with intestinal pathogens (Devriendt et al, 2009;Oswald et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxins of type B and G affect porcine dendritic cell maturationin vitro

Mehrzad

Devriendt

Baert

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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The toxic effects of highly carcinogenic mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins (AF), on key antigenpresenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), are largely unknown. To elucidate the effect of AF on DC function, porcine monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) were treated with a mixture of several AF (i.e., AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 ) and the phagocytic capacity, the membrane expression level of several DC activation markers, the T-cell proliferation-inducing capacity, and the cytokine secretion pattern were assessed. As compared to untreated MoDC, AF significantly up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD25 and CD80/86. However, the phagocytic activity of MoDC was not affected by AF treatment. While the cytokine secretion pattern of AF-treated MoDC was similar to control MoDC, the T-cell proliferation-inducing capacity of MoDC was increased upon aflatoxin treatment. The results indicate that a mixture of naturally occurring AF enhances the antigen-presenting capacity of DC, which could explain the observed immunotoxicity of AF by breaking down tolerance and further emphasizes the need to reduce the admissible level of AF in agricultural commodities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in our super-sanitized world, many potential carcinogenic mycotoxins are present, in particular aflatoxins (AF) (Reddy et al, 2009;Wild & Turner, 2002). These potent carcinogens are mainly produced by Aspergillus sp., and frequently contaminate many agricultural products, such as corn and cereals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins of type B and G affect porcine dendritic cell maturationin vitro

Mehrzad

Devriendt

Baert

et al. 2014

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…They can produce high amounts of fumonisins in tropical and subtropical regions (Marasas 2001;Reddy et al 2009;Shephard et al 1996) whereas in colder regions, the fumonisin contamination is much lower (Logrieco et al 2002;Miller 2008). In addition to maize-derived products, fumonisins have also been detected in rice (Yazar & Omurtag 2008), black tea leaves (Martins et al 2001), asparagus (Logrieco et al 1998), and pine nuts (Marin et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-kernel analysis of fumonisins and other fungal metabolites in maize from South African subsistence farmers

Mogensen

Sørensen

Sulyok

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Hal ini tergantung pada kondisi iklim yang berbeda dari suatu wilayah/regional (Bryden 2012). Aflatoksin dapat ditemukan pada jagung, kacang tanah dan jenis kacang lainnya dengan jumlah yang signifikan (Reddy et al 2009). Dilaporkan bahwa jagung dari wilayah Asia, merupakan komoditas yang paling banyak terkontaminasi mikotoksin, yaitu berturut-turut fumonisin, deoksinivalenol, zearalenon, aflatoksin B1, dan Okratoksin.…”

Section: Faktor-faktor Biologisunclassified

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Martindah¹,

Bahri²

2017

WARTAZOA

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Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health. Key words: Mycotoxin, food chain, health, animal, human ABSTRAKCemaran mikotoksin dalam pakan ternak selain membahayakan kesehatan ternak juga menimbulkan residu, misalnya aflatoksin dan metabolitnya (aflatoksin M1, aflatoksikol, aflatoksin Q1 dan aflatoksin P1) dapat terdeposit pada daging, susu dan telur. Keberadaan mikotoksin telah meluas; dan mikotoksin merupakan kontaminan yang paling penting pada rantai makanan, karena berimplikasi bagi kesehatan manusia. Pertumbuhan kapang dan produksi mikotoksin terutama disebabkan oleh kondisi cuaca, seperti suhu yang hangat (28-31°C) dan kelembaban tinggi (60-90%). Beberapa jenis kapang dapat memproduksi lebih dari satu jenis mikotoksin dan beberapa mikotoksin diproduksi oleh lebih dari satu spesies kapang. Kandungan mikotoksin, khususnya aflatoksin, fumonisin, zearalenon, okratoksin, deoksinivalenol dan toksin T2 terdapat pada komoditas bahan pakan dan pakan sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian untuk dikendalikan. Mikotoksin tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan konsumen, tetapi juga akan menurunkan kualitas produk yang terkontaminasi sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Risiko kontaminasi mikotoksin pada pakan dapat dikurangi dengan menghambat pertumbuhan jamur dan produksi mikotoksin, rotasi tanaman, penggunaan fungisida dengan tepat dan penerapan regulasi batas maksimum mikotoksin pada pakan dan pangan guna mencegah bahaya lebih lanjut bagi kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Mikotoksin, rantai makanan, kesehatan, ternak, manusia PENDAHULUANMikotoksin adalah metabolit sekunder produk dari kapang berfilamen, dimana dalam beberapa situasi, dapat berkembang pada makanan yang berasal dari tumbuhan maupun dari hewan. Fusarium sp, Aspergillus sp dan Penicillium sp merupakan jenis kapang yang paling umum menghasilkan racun mi...

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Mycotoxin contamination of commercially important agricultural commodities

Cited by 75 publications

References 101 publications

Aflatoxins of type B and G affect porcine dendritic cell maturationin vitro

Aflatoxins of type B and G affect porcine dendritic cell maturationin vitro

Single-kernel analysis of fumonisins and other fungal metabolites in maize from South African subsistence farmers

Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

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