Mycorrhizal networks: Mechanisms, ecology and modelling

Simard, Suzanne W.; Beiler, Kevin J.; Bingham, Marcus A.; Deslippe, Julie R.; Philip, Leanne J.; Teste, François P.

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2012.01.001

Cited by 435 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Soil biota can influence plant diversity by promoting resource partitioning [38], or by facilitating resource sharing via belowground pathways (e.g., mycorrhizal networks [39]). The potential for soil biota to influence plant diversity is high because most plant species depend on soil microbes for nutrient uptake [40].…”

Section: Role Of Belowground Heterotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?

Laliberté

Grace

Huston

et al. 2013

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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166

159

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Section: Role Of Belowground Heterotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?

Laliberté

Grace

Huston

et al. 2013

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Self Cite

166

159

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“…In the intact forest soil, trees and saplings are typically connected by a shared EMF mycelial network (Simard et al, 2012). Mycelial extension from mature trees is also likely responsible for more diverse EMF community in our planted seedlings in the reference forest, despite uncertainty about whether shared EMF connections with other trees have been formed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings

Huusko

Tarvainen²,

Saravesi

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

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The increased demand for harvesting energy wood raises questions about its effects on the functioning of the forest ecosystems, soil processes and biodiversity. Impacts of tree stump removal on ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of Norway spruce saplings were studied with 454-pyrosequencing in a 3-year field experiment replicated in 3 geographical areas. This is possibly the most thorough investigation of EMF communities associated with saplings grown on sites subjected to energy wood harvesting. To separate impacts of tree stump and logging residue removal on EMF and plant variables, we used three harvesting treatments with increasing complexity from patch mounding alone (P) to patch mounding combined with logging residue removal (RP), and patch mounding combined with both logging residue and stump removal (SRP). Saplings grown in uncut forests (F) served as references for harvesting treatments. A majority of sequences (492%) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 55%) were assigned as EMF. EMF OTU richness, fungal community composition or sapling growth did not differ between harvesting treatments (P, RP and SRP), while EMF OTU richness, diversity and evenness were highest and sapling growth lowest in the undisturbed reference forests (F). The short study period may partially explain the similarities in fungal and sapling variables in different harvesting treatments. In conclusion, our results indicate that neither stump removal nor logging residue removal have significant additional negative impacts on EMF communities or growth of Norway spruce saplings in the short-term compared with the impacts of more conventional harvesting methods, including clear cutting and patch mounding.

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“…In addition to transmission of biological-and chemical-derived cues through root systems, abiotic stresses including osmotic stress and drought induced stomatal closure in both stressed Pisum sativum plants and their unstressed neighbours (Falik et al, 2011(Falik et al, , 2012. Most studies of plant-to-plant interactions via common mycelial networks did not eliminate airbornemediated SAR transmission between plants (Simard et al, 2012). For instance, lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants release modified VOCs upon SAR induction (Shulaev et al, 1997;Yi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, following wounding by a herbivore, certain plant tissues produce VOCs such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which plays an important role as an alarm signal for undamaged neighbours, resulting in increased levels of toxin and repellent production or the attraction of natural enemies of the herbivore (Paré and Tumlinson, 1999;Kessler et al, 2006;Heil, 2014). Secondly, mycorrhizal networks can transfer carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from one plant to its neighbours (He et al, 2003;Simard et al, 2012). By transferring defence-related signalling compounds, root-root interactions also help boost defensive enzyme activities and defence-related gene expression in neighbouring plants (Farmer and Ryan, 1990;Song et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens

Song

Sim

Kim

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. The root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against soilborne and air-borne plant pathogens from SAR-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated.Methods The first two plants out of ten Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were pre-treated with the SARtriggering chemical benzothiadiazole (BTH). All ten seedlings were then challenged with two pathogenic bacteria, i.e. the root (bacterial wilt) pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the leaf (wildfire) pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, at 7 d after SAR induction.Key Results Disease severity was noticeably lower in BTH-pre-treated plants than in the control. Surprisingly, two plants located next to BTH-treated plants exhibited reduced disease symptoms indicating that SAR signal transmission occurred through the root system. Determinant(s) secreted from the root system were search for and it was found that salicylic acid (SA) is a major molecule involved in SAR transmission through the root. Analysis of the expression of the defence-related genes N. benthamiana pathogenesis-related gene 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 confirmed that BTH treatment elicited SAR via root-root transmission between plants. Plants with knock-down of the multiple resistance component SGT1 and SA biosynthesis-related gene ICS1 by Tobacco rattle virus-mediated virus-induced gene silencing exhibited a lack of root-mediated SAR transmission. The biological relevance of this finding was validated by challenge with the SAR-inducing avirulent pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae instead of BTH, which produced similar results.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SAR is transmissible through the root system from SAR-triggered plants to neighbouring plants.

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Mycorrhizal networks: Mechanisms, ecology and modelling

Cited by 435 publications

References 131 publications

How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?

How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?

Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings

Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens

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