Mycorrhizal fungal identity and richness determine the diversity and productivity of a tallgrass prairie system

Vogelsang, Keith M.; Reynolds, Heather L.; Bever, James D.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01854.x

Cited by 328 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This work supports two earlier reports by Vatovec et al (2005) and Jordan and Huerd (2008) which indicate that soil fungi can suppress a range of agricultural weeds. Previous studies have shown that plants respond differently to different AMF (Ravnskov and Jakobsen 1995;Avio et al 2006) and that AMF diversity can promote plant productivity and plant nutrition (van der Heijden et al 1998;Vogelsang et al 2006;Maherali and Klironomos 2007). The effects of different AMF taxa and AMF diversity on weed growth had not been tested before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds

et al. 2009

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Plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are highly variable, ranging from mutualism in a wide range of plants, to antagonism in some non-mycorrhizal plant species and plants characteristic of disturbed environments. Many agricultural weeds are non mycorrhizal or originate from ruderal environments where AMF are rare or absent. This led us to hypothesize that AMF may suppress weed growth, a mycorrhizal attribute which has hardly been considered. We investigated the impact of AMF and AMF diversity (three versus one AMF taxon) on weed growth in experimental microcosms where a crop (sunflower) was grown together with six widespread weed species. The presence of AMF reduced total weed biomass with 47% in microcosms where weeds were grown together with sunflower and with 25% in microcosms where weeds were grown alone. The biomass of two out of six weed species was significantly reduced by AMF (−66% & −59%) while the biomass of the four remaining weed species was only slightly reduced (−20% to −37%). Sunflower productivity was not influenced by AMF or AMF diversity. However, sunflower benefitted from AMF via enhanced phosphorus nutrition. The results indicate that the stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-ecosystems may suppress some aggressive weeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work has shown that the composition and diversity of AM fungal communities influence plant productivity and ecosystem functioning (van der Heijden et al 1998;Vogelsang et al 2006;Maherali and Klironomos 2007). Different plant species also respond differently to different AMF and some plantfungal combinations are more compatible than others (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds

et al. 2009

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“…We inoculated pots with a Glomus mosseae culture established by J. Bever from a grassland in Northern Illinois (USA). Glomus mosseae is a common AM fungus occurring in both North America and Europe and is known to be growth promoting across a range of phosphorous availabilities (Vogelsang et al 2006). Inoculum was grown with Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in a 1:1 sand : soil mixture in an Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana, USA) greenhouse for six months, dried, and stored at 48C until use.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the evolution of reduced mycorrhizal dependence during plant invasion

Seifert

Bever

Maron

2009

Ecology

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Abstract. Introduced species inevitably experience novel selection pressures in their new environments as a result of changes in mutualist and antagonist relationships. While most previous work has examined how escape from specialist enemies has influenced herbivore or pathogen resistance of exotic species, post-introduction shifts in exotic dependence on mutualists have not been considered. In a common environment, we compared dependence on AM fungi of North American and European populations of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), a forb native to Europe. Introduced North American populations responded less to inoculation with AM fungi than did European populations. Root architecture was strongly correlated with mycorrhizal response, and introduced populations had finer root architecture than native populations. Finally, introduced populations exhibited decreased root and increased reproductive allocation relative to European populations, consistent with a transition to a weedier life history; however, biomass allocation patterns were uncorrelated with mycorrhizal response. These findings are the first demonstration of a genetically based reduction of mycorrhizal dependence and shift in root architecture in an introduced species.

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“…Endophytes live within plant tissues for all or part of their life cycles and cause no apparent disease symptoms (Hyde and Soytong 2008). Endophytic fungi have been reported to be key elements in plant symbiosis, affecting plant host tolerance to stressful conditions (Rodriguez et al 2009), plant defense (Omacini et al 2001) and plant growth and development (Vogelsang et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal root endophytes of tomato from Kenya and their nematode biocontrol potential

et al. 2016

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The significance of fungal endophytes in African agriculture, particularly Kenya, has not been well investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present work was isolation, multi-gene phylogenetic characterization and biocontrol assessment of endophytic fungi harbored in tomato roots for nematode infection management. A survey was conducted in five different counties along the central and coastal regions of Kenya to determine the culturable endophytic mycobiota. A total of 76 fungal isolates were obtained and characterized into 40 operational taxonomic units based on the analysis of ITS, β-tubulin and tef1α gene sequence data. Among the fungal isolates recovered, the most prevalent species associated with tomato roots were members of the Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani species complexes. Of the three genes utilized for endophyte characterization, tef1α provided the best resolution. A combination of ITS, β-tubulin and tef1α resulted in a better resolution as compared to single gene analysis. Biotests demonstrated the ability of selected non-pathogenic fungal isolates to successfully reduce nematode penetration and subsequent galling as well as reproduction of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Most Trichoderma asperellum and F. oxysporum species complex isolates reduced root-knot nematode egg densities by 35-46 % as compared to the nonfungal control and other isolates. This study provides first insights into the culturable endophytic mycobiota of tomato roots in Kenya and the potential of some isolates for use against the root-knot nematode M. incognita. The data can serve as a framework for fingerprinting potential beneficial endophytic fungal isolates which are optimized for abiotic and biotic environments and are useful in biocontrol strategies -016-1169-9 against nematode pests in Kenyan tomato cultivars. This information would therefore provide an alternative or complementary crop protection component.

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Mycorrhizal fungal identity and richness determine the diversity and productivity of a tallgrass prairie system

Cited by 328 publications

References 43 publications

Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds

Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds

Evidence for the evolution of reduced mycorrhizal dependence during plant invasion

Fungal root endophytes of tomato from Kenya and their nematode biocontrol potential

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