Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae caused different microbial structure and correlation network in lung microbiota

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the most serious diseases for children, with which lung microbiota are proved to be associated. We performed 16S rDNA analysis on broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for 32 children with tracheomalacia (C group), pneumonia infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) (D1 group) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) (D2 group). Children with tracheomalacia held lower microbial diversity and accumulated Lactococcus (mean ± SD, 45.21%±5.07%, P value <0.05), Porphyromonas (0.12%±0.31%, P value <0.05). D1 and D2 group were enriched by Streptococcus (7.57%±11.61%, P value <0.01 when compared with D2 group) and Mycoplasma (0.67%±1.25%, P value <0.01) respectively.Bacterial correlation in C group was mainly intermediated by Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter. Whilst, D1 group harbored simplest microbial correlation in three groups, and D2 group held the most complicated network, involving enriched Staphylococcus (0.26%±0.71%), Massilia (0.81%±2.42%). This will be of significance for understanding pneumonia incidence and progression more comprehensively, and discerning between bacterial infection and carriage.

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

“…As in young bats, the increasing OTUs mainly belonged to taxa that harbour potential pathogens such as Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Pathogenic Mycoplasma and Streptococcus species have been reported to increase during various diseases such as in Crohn's disease [46,54] and others [47,55]. However, OTUs of some Enterobacteriaceae mainly increased in abundance in young bats (n = 5 OTU) but decreased in adult bats (n = 5 OTU) after AstV-infection (but see OTU537290).…”

Respiratory microbiota and lower respiratory tract disease

“…Dominance by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Burkholderia, Bacillales, and to a lesser extent, Pseudomonadales was particularly correlated with decreased diversity. 58,68 In studies with repeated sampling, the dominance of one taxon was maintained over time, and its relative abundance increased throughout the pneumonia episode, particularly if the patient was intubated. 51 Intubation was consistently a risk factor for bacterial disturbance in the lower respiratory tract (low diversity and evenness) supporting the hypothesis of a lung microbiota resulting from the equilibrium between microaspirations from the upper respiratory tract and clearance mechanisms.…”

“…Wang et al compared the microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with pneumococcal and Mycoplasma pneumonia with controls, and reported that controls had the lowest microbial diversity. 68 This could be evidence of age-dependent differences in health and disease, although caution is warranted at this stage of microbiome research. Noteworthy, controls (n=11) were younger than cases and had tracheomalacia, which may play a role in impaired clearance of the lower respiratory tract in individuals from an age group with a respiratory microbiota yet to be fully developed.…”

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbiota dysbiosis in infants with protracted bacterial bronchitis

“…In a study reported by van der Gast et al, the detection on BALF microbiota indicated that PBB infants shared common core bacteria with infants with bronchiectasis and infants with cystic fibrosis (10), and the infected pathogens would damage the bronchial mucosa continuously. Whilst Wang et al suggested that the composition of BALF microbiota differed in infants with pneumonia infected with different pathogens, and the interactions among bacteria were described in detail (11). There have been few reports of BALF microbial comparison between infants with PBB and tracheomalacia (TM), and the impact of co-occurrence network on infants with PBB has not yet been assessed.…”