Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid: Association with amniotic fluid cytokine levels and pregnancy outcome

Perni, Sriram C.; Vardhana, Santosha A.; Korneeva, Irina; Tuttle, Sara L.; Paraskevas, Lilly-Rose; Chasen, Stephen T.; Kalish, Robin B.; Witkin, Steven S.

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.070

Cited by 153 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Preterm labour was not a consequence of amniotic fluid ureaplasma colonization. The majority of normal human pregnancies that had amniotic fluid that was PCR positive for Ureasplama at 15-18 weeks gestation also did not deliver prematurely (7,17). Despite the presence of ureaplasmas in the lungs of late gestation lambs and persisting effects on lung development, as indicated by increased surfactant lipid content of 145d lambs, lung function in late gestation was not affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: Effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep

Moss¹,

Knox²,

Kallapur³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective-To determine effects in late gestation of U. parvum serovar 3 colonization, and effects, preterm, of U. parvum serovar 6. Study design-Ewes received an intra-amniotic (IA) injection of U. parvum serovar 6 (20x10 6 cfu; n=9), U. parvum serovar 3 (20x10 3 cfu; n=6), vehicle (n=10) or saline (n=4) on day 80 of pregnancy (d). Lambs were delivered at 125d (ureaplasma, n=9; saline or media controls, n=9) or 145d (ureaplasma, n=6; media controls, n=5) for assessment of inflammation and lung maturation.Results-IA ureaplasmas caused histologic chorioamnionitis but not preterm delivery. Fetal lung epithelium was colonized with ureaplasmas at both gestational ages and pulmonary IL-8 levels had doubled in the ureaplasma-colonized animals compared to controls at 145d. Surfactant levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had increased 8 fold and 2.5 fold at 125 and 145d, respectively after ureaplasma injection. Conclusions-Fetal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: Effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep

Moss¹,

Knox²,

Kallapur³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…In most of these women, delivery was around 24 wk (31)(32)(33). Meanwhile, Perni et al (34) reported that in 179 asymptomatic women who received amniocentesis at midtrimester, all women with preterm PROM (5/5) tested positive for either Ureaplasma spp. or Mycoplasma hominis as opposed to none of the women (0/5) with spontaneous preterm birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Features of Chorioamnionitis Colonized With Ureaplasma Species in Preterm Delivery

et al. 2010

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Ureaplasma spp. is detected in the urogenital tract, including the vagina, cervix, chorioamnion, and placenta. Their colonization is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (CAM), often observed in placentas from preterm delivery. We isolated Ureaplasma spp. from 63 preterm placentas among 151 specimens, which were delivered at Ͻ32 wk of gestation. Of the 63 placentas, 52 (83%) revealed CAM in cultures positive for Ureaplasma spp., however, CAM was observed only in 30% (26/88) of cultures negative for Ureaplasma spp. (p Ͻ 0.01). Colonization by Ureaplasma spp. was an independent risk factor for CAM (OR, 11.27; 95% CI,). Characteristic neutrophil infiltration was observed in the amnion and subchorion (bistratified pattern) in cultures positive for Ureaplasma spp. FISH analysis of CAM placenta with male infant pregnancy indicated that bistratified infiltrated neutrophils showed the XX karyotype and umbilical vein infiltrated neutrophils showed XY karyotype. The distribution of sulfoglycolipid, the receptor of Ureaplasma spp., was mainly detected in the amnion. Ureaplasmal urease D protein and ureB gene were both detected in the amnion, indicating direct colonization by Ureaplasma spp. U reaplasma spp. is the smallest self-replicating organism, both in genome size and in cellular dimensions. It lacks cell walls and exists in association with eukaryotic cells, mainly colonizing mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and urogenital tracts (1). Ureaplasma spp. is a common inhabitant of the lower genital tract and isolated from 40 to 80% women of child-bearing age (2). However, once Ureaplasma spp. spreads from the lower genital tract into the body, this microorganism exerts widespread pathogenic effects, such as chorioamnionitis (CAM), urinary tract infections, preterm labor, and spontaneous abortion. On the other hand, Ureaplasma spp. infection is also reported as a risk factor for lethal pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and meningitis of fetuses and neonates (3).CAM is a placental finding associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm birth, which are the most important causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality (4,5). Previous studies showed that CAM was positively related to the isolation of Ureaplasma spp (6,7). Although many researchers reported the detection of Ureaplasma spp. from specimens of vagina, cervix, chorioamnion, and placenta using culture or PCR methods (8 -12), the precise pathologic findings of CAM with Ureaplasma spp. remain unclear.A variety of infectious microorganisms use specific host cell surface molecules as receptors. Such receptors provide a mechanism for intimate interaction with the host cell membrane and in some cases may facilitate the subsequent entry of the organism into the cell (13). Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis were shown to specifically recognize host cell surface glycolipids (sulfogalactoglycerolipid and the sphingolipid counterpart, sulfogalactosyl ceramide), which have been implicated in spermegg interactions (14). This glycolipid rec...

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“…UP is more commonly associated with preterm birth than U. urealyticum, and serovar 3 is the most common ureaplasma serovar isolated from women, men, pregnant women, and infertile couples (11)(12)(13). This ureaplasma colonization model in fetal sheep replicates the chronic and indolent human fetal exposure to ureaplasmas that can result in preterm birth (14) or may be tolerated by the pregnancy without overt pathology (15). As in the human, fetal sheep colonized with ureaplasmas can have induced lung maturation and indicators of chronic lung inflammation (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Ventilation-Mediated Injury After Preterm Delivery of Ureaplasma parvum Colonized Fetal Lambs

et al. 2010

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Ureaplasma species are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from women with preterm birth and are associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Initiation of ventilation with high tidal volumes (V T ) causes lung injury and inflammation. We investigated whether antenatal colonization with Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 (UP) would alter the inflammatory response to mechanical ventilation of preterm lambs. Merino ewes were given intraamniotic injections of UP at 55-d gestation, and the lambs were surgically delivered at 128 Ϯ 1 d gestation and assigned to three groups: 1) gentle ventilation (GV), 2) high V T ventilation, or 3) unventilated control. Lambs delivered from noncolonized ewes were assigned to parallel groups. GV lambs received surfactant before ventilation with a V T of 7 mL/kg, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cm H 2 O . High V T lambs received no PEEP and escalating V T to 15 mL/kg by 15 min. At 15 min, surfactant was given, V T was reduced to 7 mL/kg, and PEEP was increased to 5 cm H 2 O. Monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage were increased by UP, but colonization did not affect lung function. High V T ventilation increased Egr-1 signaling, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and injury scores compared with GV. Antenatal colonization with UP did not change lung function or modulate the lung injury and inflammation caused by high V T ventilation. (Pediatr Res 67: 630-635, 2010)

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Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid: Association with amniotic fluid cytokine levels and pregnancy outcome

Cited by 153 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: Effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep

Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: Effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep

Placental Features of Chorioamnionitis Colonized With Ureaplasma Species in Preterm Delivery

Ventilation-Mediated Injury After Preterm Delivery of Ureaplasma parvum Colonized Fetal Lambs

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