Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: Effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep

Moss, Timothy; Knox, Christine L.; Kallapur, Suhas G.; Nitsos, Ilias; Theodoropoulos, Christina; Newnham, John P.; Ikegami, Machiko; Jobe, Alan H.

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.065

Cited by 79 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…less systemic inflammation and inconsistent lung maturation (17). Intra-amniotic C. albicans causes a substantially different inflammatory response, characterized by severe inflammation in the fetal lung, inflammation and edema of the fetal skin (18), and fetal death beyond 3 d of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously described models of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome in sheep using the proinflammatory mediators Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (15), interleukin (IL)-1 (16), and live Ureaplasma parvum (17). In contrast to the low-grade fetal inflammation caused by these agonists, we recently reported that intra-amniotic C. albicans caused a severe, progressive fetal inflammation within 2 d, with the severity of skin, lung inflammatory, and systemic responses threatening fetal viability (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fluconazole treatment of intrauterine Candida albicans infection in fetal sheep

et al. 2015

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Background: Intrauterine Candida albicans infection causes severe fetal inflammatory responses and fetal injury in an ovine model. We hypothesized that intra-amniotic antifungal therapy with fluconazole would decrease the adverse fetal effects of intra-amniotic C. albicans in sheep. Methods: Sheep received an intra-amniotic injection of 10 7 colony-forming units C. albicans. After 2 d, animals were then randomized to: (i) intra-amniotic and fetal intraperitoneal saline with delivery after 24 h (3 d C. albicans group); (ii) intra-amniotic and fetal intraperitoneal injections of fluconazole with delivery after either 24 h (3 d C. albicans plus 1 d fluconazole group) or 72 h (5 d C. albicans plus 3 d fluconazole group). Controls received intra-amniotic injections of saline followed by intraamniotic and fetal intraperitoneal fluconazole injections. results: Intra-amniotic C. albicans caused severe fetal inflammatory responses characterized by decreases in lymphocytes and platelets, an increase in posterior mediastinal lymph node weight and proinflammatory mRNA responses in the fetal lung, liver, and spleen. Fluconazole treatment temporarily decreased the pulmonary and chorioamnion inflammatory responses. conclusion: The severe fetal inflammatory responses caused by intra-amniotic C. albicans infection were transiently decreased with fluconazole. A timely fetal delivery of antimicrobial agents may prevent fetal injury associated with intrauterine infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluconazole treatment of intrauterine Candida albicans infection in fetal sheep

et al. 2015

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“…This ureaplasma colonization model in fetal sheep replicates the chronic and indolent human fetal exposure to ureaplasmas that can result in preterm birth (14) or may be tolerated by the pregnancy without overt pathology (15). As in the human, fetal sheep colonized with ureaplasmas can have induced lung maturation and indicators of chronic lung inflammation (16). Acute ureaplasma infection of fetal baboons seemed to increase lung injury with chronic ventilation at birth (17).…”

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Ventilation-Mediated Injury After Preterm Delivery of Ureaplasma parvum Colonized Fetal Lambs

et al. 2010

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Ureaplasma species are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from women with preterm birth and are associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Initiation of ventilation with high tidal volumes (V T ) causes lung injury and inflammation. We investigated whether antenatal colonization with Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 (UP) would alter the inflammatory response to mechanical ventilation of preterm lambs. Merino ewes were given intraamniotic injections of UP at 55-d gestation, and the lambs were surgically delivered at 128 Ϯ 1 d gestation and assigned to three groups: 1) gentle ventilation (GV), 2) high V T ventilation, or 3) unventilated control. Lambs delivered from noncolonized ewes were assigned to parallel groups. GV lambs received surfactant before ventilation with a V T of 7 mL/kg, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cm H 2 O . High V T lambs received no PEEP and escalating V T to 15 mL/kg by 15 min. At 15 min, surfactant was given, V T was reduced to 7 mL/kg, and PEEP was increased to 5 cm H 2 O. Monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage were increased by UP, but colonization did not affect lung function. High V T ventilation increased Egr-1 signaling, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and injury scores compared with GV. Antenatal colonization with UP did not change lung function or modulate the lung injury and inflammation caused by high V T ventilation. (Pediatr Res 67: 630-635, 2010)

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“…Recently, in a sheep or mouse pregnant model of intrauterine infection of U. parvum, it was found that U. parvum could not be recovered from lung tissues 2-3 days after birth in term pups. 9,10 Therefore, in human term newborns, U. parvum may not be able to be recovered from lung tissues. This observation is consistent with previous studies in the sheep model showing clearance of Ureaplasma from the nasal cavities soon after birth 11 and an inability of Ureaplasma to colonize the respiratory tract of older lambs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%