Mycoplasma citelli, a New Species from Ground Squirrels

Rose, David L.; Tully, Joseph G.; Langford, E V

doi:10.1099/00207713-28-4-567

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Acholeplasmas grown in 1% bovine serum fraction broth were sedimented by centrifugation, and the cell proteins were solubilized in phenol-acetic acid-water (2: 1:0.5, wt/vol/vol) . The extracts were then compared in polyacrylamide tube gels (19,21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acholeplasma morum, a New Non-Sterol-Requiring Species

Rose¹,

Tully²,

Giudice³

1980

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Two acholeplasmas recovered from contaminated cell cultures or commercial fetal bovine serum were found to be similar in biochemical and serological properties. The organisms, although not requiring serum or cholesterol for growth, did require a supplement of 0.5% albumin and 10 pg of palmitic acid per ml to a serum-free medium for sustained growth in the absence of sterols. The growth of both organisms was inhibited in medium containing 20% horse serum, although smaller amounts of horse serum or 20% fetal bovine serum did not exert inhibitory effects. The two strains possessed biochemical properties typical of other nonsterol-requiring members of the Mycoplaamatales, and they were serologically distinct from seven established Acholeplasma species. On the basis of these findings and other morphological, biological, and serological properties of the organisms, it is proposed that these organisms represent a new species, Acholeplasma morum. Strain 72-043 (=ATCC 33211) is the type strain.The acholeplasmas are a group of non-sterolrequiring members of the Mycoplasmatales found in a large number of hosts and in some plants (25). Currently, seven species of Acholeplasma are recognized. The acholeplasmas differ from other members of the Mycoplasmatales in a number of molecular, genetic, and biochemical characteristics (3, 12, 15-18, 20), whereas individual Acholeplasma species are differentiated on a limited number of biochemical properties and upon serological characteristics (25).In 1970, Schwobel and Leach (23) reported the recovery of a non-sterol-requiring organism (strain S2) from a primary bovine kidney cell culture. This cytopathic organism was found to be serologically distinct from Acholeplasma laidlawii (then known as Mycoplasma laidlawii) and from a number of other members of the Mycoplasmatales found in contaminated cell cultures or in bovine hosts. The S2 strain was examined subsequently in our laboratory in Bethesda, Md., and was found to be serologically unrelated to A . laidlawii, Acholeplasma gram ularum, or other newly established Acholeplasma species. In 1972, one of us (R.A.DG.) recovered an untypable acholeplasma from a bottle of commercial fetal bovine serum. This strain (72-043) was also found to be serologically distinct from all of the established species o f Acholeplasma represented in the Bethesda laboratory. Several years later, comparative tests on a number of unclassified acholeplasmas in our collection indicated not only that the S2 and 72-043 strains were serologically related, but also that they shared a number of other growth and biochemical characteristics. In view of some of the known difficulties in separating acholeplasmas by current serological techniques (25), in particular the preparation of a potent and specific antiserum, we felt that the S2 and 72-043 strains should be subjected to nucleic acid hybridization comparisons with other species of Acholeplasma. The results of this comparison (2) indicated that these two strains were clearly related to each other but were distinct ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acholeplasma morum, a New Non-Sterol-Requiring Species

Rose¹,

Tully²,

Giudice³

1980

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Mycoplasma

Brown¹,

May²,

Bradbury³

et al. 2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n. myces a fungus; Gr. neut. n. plasma something formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma fungus form. Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Mycoplasma Pleomorphic cells, 300–800 nm in diameter, varying in shape from spherical, ovoid or flask‐shaped, or twisted rods, to slender branched filaments ranging in length from 50 to 500 nm. Cells lack a cell wall and are bounded by a single plasma membrane. Gram‐stain‐negative due to the absence of a cell wall. Some have a complex internal cytoskeleton. Some have a specific tip structure that mediates attachment to host cells or other surfaces. Usually nonmotile , but gliding motility has been demonstrated in some species. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic . Optimum growth at 37°C is common, but permissive growth temperatures range from 20 to 45°C. Chemo‐organotrophic , usually using either sugars or arginine as the major energy source. Require cholesterol or related sterols for growth. Colonies are usually less than 1 mm in diameter. The typical colony has a fried‐egg appearance . The genome size of species examined ranges from 580 kbp to about 1350 kbp . The codon UGA encodes tryptophan in all species examined. Commensals or pathogens in a wide range of vertebrate hosts. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 23–40. Type species : Mycoplasma mycoides (Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910) Freundt 1955, 73 ( Asterococcus mycoides Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910, 179).

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Mycoplasma

Brown

May

Bradbury

et al. 2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n. myces a fungus; Gr. neut. n. plasma something formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma fungus form. Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Mycoplasma Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma are small (300–800 nm in diameter) pleomorphic cells devoid of a cell wall. Culturable species usually form very small (<1 mm) umbonate colonies on agar. Their use of the codon UGA to encode tryptophan is a distinctive characteristic of all species examined to date. As a consequence of their small (usually 0.5–1.5 Mb) genomes they have limited intermediary metabolism and are nutritionally fastidious, requiring exogenous sugars or arginine, cholesterol or other sterols, peptides, and free nucleic acids for axenic growth. In nature, all species are obligate commensals or parasites with varying degrees of specificity for a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The type species Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae are highly virulent animal pathogens subject to strict international regulations, but the genus is perhaps better known for Mycoplasma pneumoniae , the agent of primary atypical “walking” pneumonia in humans. The relative biological simplicity of mycoplasmas confers significant advantages for current proteomics, metabolomics, synthetic genomics, and systems biology research. For example, the recent chemical synthesis and transplantation of intact chromosomes demonstrated that it is possible to enliven a mycoplasma fully capable of autonomous replication with an artificially constructed genome. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 23–40. Type species : Mycoplasma mycoides (Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910) Freundt 1955, 73 ( Asterococcus mycoides Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910, 179).

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Mycoplasma citelli, a New Species from Ground Squirrels

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Acholeplasma morum, a New Non-Sterol-Requiring Species

Acholeplasma morum, a New Non-Sterol-Requiring Species

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma

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