Mycoplasma auris sp. nov., Mycoplasma cottewii sp. nov., and Mycoplasma yeatsii sp. nov., New Sterol-Requiring Mollicutes from the External Ear Canals of Goats

DaMassa, A. J.; Tully, Joseph G.; Rose, David L.; Pitcher, D.G.; Leach, R. H.; Cottew, G.S.

doi:10.1099/00207713-44-3-479

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This species is considered a commensal organism of goats (DaMassa et al, 1994) and together with Mycoplasma putrefaciens and Mycoplasma cottewii comprise a phylogenetic group that is most closely related to members of the M. mycoides cluster (Manso-Silván et al, 2007). The plasmid, named pMyBK1, encodes two Open Reading Frames (ORFs) which lack sequence similarity to ORFs borne on the four known Mycoplasma plasmids or to any previously identified plasmid replication protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of this genome regression, mycoplasmas are obligate parasites that are compelled to scavenge critical nutrients from host cells (Razin, 1999). Although some species balance parasitism as apparent commensals (DaMassa et al, 1994), many Mycoplasma species cause overt disease in animals, including humans (Waites et al, 2005). Of particular importance to ruminants are members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster", a five-member group of close phylogenetic taxa (Manso-Silván et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a novel plasmid as a shuttle vector for heterologous gene expression in Mycoplasma yeatsii

Kent¹,

Foecking²,

Calcutt³

2012

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel plasmid as a shuttle vector for heterologous gene expression in Mycoplasma yeatsii

Kent¹,

Foecking²,

Calcutt³

2012

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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“…Stringent washes were performed at the hybridization temperature in 0.2ϫ SSC (1ϫ SSC buffer is 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate) supplemented with 0.1% (wt/vol) SDS, and the hybridized probe was detected with the DIG nucleic acid detection kit, as described by the manufacturer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The occurrence of the vmm gene in the type strains of the closely related species of the M. mycoides cluster and the species M. putrefaciens, M. cottewii (28), M. bovis, M. agalactiae, Mycoplasma bovirhinis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Mycoplasma primatum (29) (a primate mycoplasma closely related to M. agalactiae and M. bovis) was analyzed with the 5G1-insert probe as described above and with the 5G1-PCR probe at a hybridization temperature of 68°C. The DIG-labeled 5G1-PCR probe was produced by nested PCR with the primers 5Јf-5G1 and 3Јr-5G1 in the first reaction and DNA of strain PG1 as the template, followed by amplification with primers 5G1-insert probe and 3Ј-RSP-5G1 as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Surface Protein Vmm ofMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesSmall Colony Type

et al. 2002

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A variable surface protein, Vmm, of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) has been identified and characterized. Vmm was specific for the SC biotype and was expressed by 68 of 69 analyzed M. mycoides SC strains. The protein was found to undergo reversible phase variation at a frequency of 9 ؋ 10 ؊4 to 5 ؋ 10 ؊5 per cell per generation. The vmm gene was present in all of the 69 tested M. mycoides SC strains and encodes a lipoprotein precursor of 59 amino acids (aa), where the mature protein was predicted to be 36 aa and was anchored to the membrane by only the lipid moiety, as no transmembrane region could be identified. DNA sequencing of the vmm gene region from ON and OFF clones showed that the expression of Vmm was regulated at the transcriptional level by dinucleotide insertions or deletions in a repetitive region of the promoter spacer. Vmm-like genes were also found in four closely related mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp . capripneumoniae, Mycoplasma sp. bovine serogroup 7, and Mycoplasma putrefaciens. However, Vmm could not be detected in whole-cell lysates of these species, suggesting that the proteins encoded by the vmm-like genes lack the binding epitope for the monoclonal antibody used in this study or, alternatively, that the Vmm-like proteins were not expressed. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M.mycoides SC) causes a severe respiratory disease in cattle, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). It is the only bacterial disease included in the A list of communicable animal diseases of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and is the most important animal disease in Africa, affecting at least 27 countries (3, 5, 82). CBPP disappeared from Europe at the end of the 19th century but reappeared sporadically and affected several countries in an epizootic in southern Europe between 1983 and 1999.The CBPP agent was first isolated and described in 1898 (72), and the organism was classified into the genus Mycoplasma (32) nearly 70 years later. Mycoplasmas belong to the class Mollicutes, whose members lack a cell wall and are known as the smallest self-replicating organisms (62,79 (43). In this article we will only refer to the classical M. mycoides cluster, which excludes the three latter species.The members of the M. mycoides cluster share many antigenic properties, and serological cross-reactions are often observed. Yet these infectious agents are strictly host specific, and the typical lung lesions of CBPP are solely formed after infection by M. mycoides SC. Consequently, any antigenic epitope that is unique for M. mycoides SC may be of importance for the pathogenicity of this organism and is therefore an interesting subject for research. Hitherto, very little is known about the pathogenicity of M. mycoides SC. The polysaccharide capsule and oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide production may play important roles in CBPP infection (18,49,58,64,69,75). Recently, it was suggested th...

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“…Recent outbreaks of mastitis, arthritis and abortion in Australian dairy cattle [10] have attracted further attention to the pathogenic importance of this mycoplasma, until now sporadically isolated. M. putrefaciens (causing mastitis and arthritis), M. cottewii, and M. yeatsii (pathogenic activity unknown) [8] are three antigenically distinct species found in goats and are not regarded as members of the classical M. mycoides cluster. However phylogenic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes has revealed that all three species belong to the M. mycoides cluster, that M. cottewii is closely related to M. yeatsii (99.7% similarity), and that both show a 98.9% similarity with M. putrefaciens [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

et al. 2004

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-DNA amplification techniques offer considerable promise for the identification of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster members. They avoid antigenic cross-reactivity and variability that hamper serological methods. Many sets of primers, specific of these different members and of Mycoplasma putrefaciens, have been proposed. To assess the reliability of some of these PCR tests in routine laboratory diagnostic use, 230 field strains supposed to belong to this group were simultaneously identified by PCR and an antigenic method. The results were well correlated to antigenic identification for M. putrefaciens, but PCR failed to identify respectively 74% and 52% of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony type and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum strains. Any identification of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony type must be confirmed by two different tests. Difficulties in defining the M. species bovine serogroup 7 were also encountered with both the PCR and immunological methods. The occurrence of putative variable antigen(s) on the mycoplasma surface may explain part of the identification difficulties encountered with the immunological methods. Mycoplasma mycoides cluster / PCR / ruminants / identification / variable antigen

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Mycoplasma auris sp. nov., Mycoplasma cottewii sp. nov., and Mycoplasma yeatsii sp. nov., New Sterol-Requiring Mollicutes from the External Ear Canals of Goats

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Development of a novel plasmid as a shuttle vector for heterologous gene expression in Mycoplasma yeatsii

Development of a novel plasmid as a shuttle vector for heterologous gene expression in Mycoplasma yeatsii

Variable Surface Protein Vmm ofMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesSmall Colony Type

Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

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