Mycobiota and mycotoxins in herbal drugs of Indian pharmaceutical industries

Effect of the frequency of the mixing of coffee cherries put out for drying on the kinetics of drying and the relationship to ochratoxin A production

“…The percentage of strains of A. ochraceus capable of producing OTA obtained in the present study (100%) was also higher than that found by Ciergler (1972) Chourasia (1995) (16%) and Taniwaki et al (2003) (75%). It was noted that from the results of Ciergler compared with those of Taniwaki et al, the frequency of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi on coffee cherries varied.…”

Mycobiota and identification of aflatoxin gene cluster in marketed spices in West Africa

“…The retailers in the surveyed countries informed us that processed spices products were stored for a minimum of 5 months and a maximum of 30 months. Prolonged storage in poorly ventilated structures or containers, such as observed in this study, may increase moisture content of the commodity, rendering the stored products more susceptible to mould growth and toxin production (Chourasia, 1995). It has been reported that all three of the analysed sample types contain essential oil which has some antifungal properties (Deans & Ritchie, 1987;Ilondu & Iloh, 2007;Sultana, Ripa, & Hamid, 2010).…”

“…Processing and packaging methods can have an effect on fungal contamination and levels of infestation. Chourasia (1995) reported that spices stored in gunny bags and on bare ground had significantly higher incidence of fungi compared to those stored in wooden boxes, metal or glass containers. Another source of fungal infestation can be the result of inappropriate handling and storage methods, often associated with poor hygiene (Abou-Arab, Kawther, El Tantawy, Badeaa, & Khayria, 1999).…”

Fungi and Aflatoxin Occurrence in Fresh and Dried Vegetables Marketed in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

“…The methods of processing, packaging and storage can also have great effect on fungal contamination and levels of infestation. Chourasia [28] reported that dried vegetables and spices stored in gunny bags and on bare ground are highly contaminated with fungi as compared to those stored in wooden boxes, metal or glass containers. The level of fungi infestations can be compounded by insect damage, stress condition at both pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest stages of vegetable production [29].…”