Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment

Miggiano, Riccardo; Rizzi, Menico; Ferraris, Davide M.

doi:10.3390/pathogens9050385

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tuberculosis ), is an infectious disease posing a significant public health threat primarily in low- and middle-income countries [ 25 ]. The World Health Organization reported an estimated 10.0 million TB cases, 1.2 million TB deaths among HIV-negative people, and an additional 208,000 TB deaths among HIV-positive people in 2019 [ 26 ].…”

Section: Genetic Association Between Hla Loci and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Medhasi

Chantratita

2022

Journal of Immunology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is one of the most crucial host factors influencing disease progression in bacterial and viral infections. This review provides the basic concepts of the structure and function of HLA molecules in humans. Here, we highlight the main findings on the associations between HLA class I and class II alleles and susceptibility to important infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, melioidosis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, coronavirus disease 2019, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in populations worldwide. Finally, we discuss challenges in HLA typing to predict disease outcomes in clinical implementation. Evaluation of the impact of HLA variants on the outcome of bacterial and viral infections would improve the understanding of pathogenesis and identify those at risk from infectious diseases in distinct populations and may improve the individual treatment.

show abstract

Section: Genetic Association Between Hla Loci and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Medhasi

Chantratita

2022

Journal of Immunology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mycobacteria are common environmental microorganisms, but some species are significant human and animal pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for TB in humans [ 18 ]. M .…”

Section: Background: “First Know Your Enemy…”—the Bacteria That Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Survival in the Environment Confound Bovine Tuberculosis Control and Eradication? A Literature Review

Allen

Ford

Skuce

2021

Veterinary Medicine International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the globe’s most common, multihost zoonoses and results in substantial socioeconomic costs for governments, farming industries, and tax payers. Despite decades of surveillance and research, surprisingly, little is known about the exact mechanisms of transmission. In particular, as a facultative intracellular pathogen, to what extent does survival of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (M. bovis), in the environment constitute an epidemiological risk for livestock and wildlife? Due largely to the classical pathology of cattle cases, the received wisdom was that bTB was spread by direct inhalation and exchange of bioaerosols containing droplets laden with bacteria. Other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) exhibit differing host ranges, an apparent capacity to persist in environmental fomites, and they favour a range of different transmission routes. It is possible, therefore, that infection from environmental sources of M. bovis could be a disease transmission risk. Recent evidence from GPS-collared cattle and badgers in Britain and Ireland suggests that direct transmission by infectious droplets or aerosols may not be the main mechanism for interspecies transmission, raising the possibility of indirect transmission involving a contaminated, shared environment. The possibility that classical pulmonary TB can be simulated and recapitulated in laboratory animal models by ingestion of contaminated feed is a further intriguing indication of potential environmental risk. Livestock and wildlife are known to shed M. bovis onto pasture, soil, feedstuffs, water, and other fomites; field and laboratory studies have indicated that persistence is possible, but variable, under differing environmental conditions. Given the potential infection risk, it is timely to review the available evidence, experimental approaches, and methodologies that could be deployed to address this potential blind spot and control point. Although we focus on evidence from Western Europe, the concepts are widely applicable to other multihost bTB episystems.

show abstract

“…The European region of WHO accounted for fastest reduction in the incidence of TB. TB is invariably linked with economic growth and development of individual countries and financial resources are determining factors for effective control of this disease (7). This has especially become relevant with the advent of COVID-19 to the detriment of TB control activities in resource-scarce countries (8).…”

Section: Global Scenario Of Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global scenario and recent advances in molecular diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis

Sannathimmappa¹,

Parameshwara²,

Aravindakshan

et al. 2021

Biomedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest communicable bacterial diseases, spreads predominantly by inhalation of infected respiratory droplets. It is a curable and preventable disease yet remains the leading infectious cause of human death worldwide. The TB burden is high among developing nations of Asia and Africa. Major obstacles in controlling TB are patient’s non-compliance to the anti-tubercular therapy, co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), low socioeconomic status, crowded living condition, inadequate rapid diagnostic testing facilities especially in resource-poor developing countries, delay in diagnosis and initiation of therapy, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB), and total drug-resistant (TDR-TB) MTB strains are difficult to treat and are associated with frequent treatment failures and high mortality. The recent advent of molecular techniques including nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have significantly ameliorated the rapid detection of TB cases and drug-resistant MTB. This, in turn, enabled the early initiation of therapy and development of novel treatment plans which is crucial for the global TB elimination target. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 guideline prioritizes the use of newer drugs as part of all-oral regimens for the treatment of MDR-TB. Apart from the use of newer drug delivery methods, host factors including immune functions and cytokine responses as well as mycobacterial enzymatic pathways are targeted in TB drug development. Adjuvant therapy employing host-directed approaches is increasingly studied through the time-tested pathogen-targeted approach remains the mainstay in the current treatment of MDR-TB.

show abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Survival in the Environment Confound Bovine Tuberculosis Control and Eradication? A Literature Review

Global scenario and recent advances in molecular diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About