Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Medhasi, Sadeep; Chantratita, Narisara

doi:10.1155/2022/9710376

Cited by 39 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Numerous studies have found that genetic variations at the loci encoding HLA genes can be associated to an increased or decreased risk of contracting infectious diseases. Research has uncovered a relationship between HLA alleles or haplotypes in major infectious diseases such as bacterial infections (tuberculosis, leprosy, melioidosis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) among several populations [7,10]. It is speculative that various HLA alleles may determine the genetic susceptibility to or possibly protection against COVID-19 and can be The association between COVID-19 disease and HLA-DRB1*15 allele was also observed in Iranian population and indeed the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 was found higher in patients with lymphopenia compared to those cases without lymphopenia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review

Fakhkhari

Caidi

Sadki

2023

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus called as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Detected for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan and it has quickly spread all over the world in a couple of months and becoming a world pandemic. Symptoms of the disease and clinical outcomes are very different in infected people. These differences highlight the paramount need to study and understand the human genetic variation that occurring viral infections. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is an important component of the viral antigen presentation pathway, and it plays an essential role in conferring differential viral susceptibility and severity of diseases. HLA alleles have been involved in the immune response to viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Main body of the abstract Herein, we sought to evaluate this hypothesis by summarizing the association between HLA class I and class II alleles with COVID-19 susceptibility and/or severity reported in previous studies among different populations (Chinese, Italian, Iranian, Japanese, Spanish, etc.). The findings of all selected articles showed that several alleles have been found associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Even results across articles have been inconsistent and, in some cases, conflicting, highlighting that the association between the HLA system and the COVID‐19 outcome might be ethnic‐dependent, there were some alleles in common between some populations such as HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-A*30:02. Conclusion These contradictory findings warrant further large, and reproducible studies to decipher any possible genetic predisposition underlying susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 and disease progression and host immune response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review

Fakhkhari

Caidi

Sadki

2023

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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“…79 This characteristic results in a high phenotypic variability of the complex, highlighting the diversity of responses to various pathologies in different ethnic groups. 80,81 There are several HLA haplotypes, with three genes from HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) mainly related to peptide presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells, and three other genes from HLA class II (HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR), which differ from class I, are intrinsically linked to CD4+ T-cell peptide presentation. 82,83 In addition, there is also class III HLA, which has genes encoding proteins in the immune system, such as the complement system and cytokines.…”

Section: Hla: Recognition and Antigenic Presentation In The Immune Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79 This characteristic results in a high phenotypic variability of the complex, highlighting the diversity of responses to various pathologies in different ethnic groups. 80,81…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polymorphic variations of IFNL, HLA, and IL-6 genes in severe cases of COVID-19

Araújo,

Sgorlon,

Aguiar

et al. 2023

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The administration of vaccination doses to the global population has led to a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19. However, the clinical picture developed by infected individuals remains extremely concerning due to the great variability in the severity of cases even in vaccinated individuals. The clinical progression of the pathology is characterized by various influential factors such as sex, age group, comorbidities, and the genetics of the individual. The immune response to viral infections can be strongly influenced by the genetics of individuals; nucleotide variations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in structures involved in the innate and adaptive immune response such as interferon (IFN)-λ, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and interleukin (IL)-6 are frequently associated with pathological progression. In this study, we conducted a review of the main SNPs of these structures that are associated with severity in COVID-19. Searches were conducted on some platforms of the National Center for Biotechnology and Information (NCBI), and 102 studies were selected for full reading according to the inclusion criteria. IFNs showed a strong association with antiviral function, specifically, IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) demonstrated genetic variants commonly related to clinical progression in various pathologies. For COVID-19, rs12979860 and rs1298275 presented frequently described unfavorable genotypes for pathological conditions of hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high genetic variability of HLA was reported in the studies as a crucial factor relevant to the late immune response, mainly due to its ability to recognize antigens, with the HLA-B*46:01 SNP being associated with susceptibility to COVID-19. For IL-6, rs1554606 showed a strong relationship with the clinical progression of COVID-19. In addition, rs2069837 was identified with possible host protection relationships when linked to this infection.

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“…Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays an essential role in immune regulation. The polymorphisms of HLA are significantly related to the susceptibility and severity of many diseases, such as tumors (Sadagopan et al 2022 ), autoimmune diseases (Naito and Okada 2022 ), immunodeficiency diseases (Grifoni et al 2015 ), allergic diseases (Daya et al 2021 ), infectious diseases (Medhasi and Chantratita 2022 ), metabolic diseases (Tekola Ayele et al 2012 ), and so on. Each person has multiple alleles that make up the individual HLA type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted capture enrichment and sequencing identifies HLA variants associated with the severity of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic. The pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 has been widely investigated, but it is still unclear. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays a central role in immune response, and its variants might be related to COVID-19 progression and severity. Objective To investigate the hypothesis that individual HLA variations could alter the course of COVID-19 and might be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Methods In this study, we conducted an HLA targeted capture enrichment and sequencing of severe COVID-19 patients matched to mild cases. A total of 16 COVID-19 patients, confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test and chest computed tomography (CT) scan, were enrolled in this study. The HLA targeted capture enrichment and sequencing were conducted. HLA typing was performed by comparing contigs with IPD-IMGT/HLA Database. Results In this study, 139 four-digit resolution HLA alleles were acquired. The results showed that HLA-DRB3*01:01 allele was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 27.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35–560.50, P = 0.0064). And HLA-K*01:01 might be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.017–0.66, P = 0.019), but HLA-K*01:02 might be a protective factor (OR = 7.50, 95% CI = 1.48–37.92, P = 0.019). Conclusion Three non-classical HLA alleles, including HLA-DRB3*01:01, HLA-K*01:01, HLA-K*01:02 were identified to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 by comparing mild and severe patients. The current findings would be helpful for exploring the influence of HLA gene polymorphisms on the development and severity of COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13258-022-01358-2.

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Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections

Cited by 39 publications

References 123 publications

HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review

HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review

Influence of polymorphic variations of IFNL, HLA, and IL-6 genes in severe cases of COVID-19

Targeted capture enrichment and sequencing identifies HLA variants associated with the severity of COVID-19

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