Mycobacterium marinum skin infections. Report of 31 cases and review of the literature

Edelstein, Howard

doi:10.1001/archinte.154.12.1359

Cited by 102 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our study revealed positive microscopy results in only 37.1% cases while Lescenko et al (2003) reported a higher proportion of ZN-positive results (58.8%) in fish parenchymatous organs with granulomas. Low AFB detection (9 to 13.2%, respectively) was reported in Mycobacterium marinum studies in humans (Edelstein 1994, Ang et al 2000. The reasons for the failure to identify AFB through direct microscopy may include the destruction of mycobacteria or their low number, as well as the possibility of other microorganisms causing granulomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition to fish tuberculosis, mycobacteria are capable of causing both localized and disseminated infections in man (Engbaek et al 1980, Collins et al 1985, Huminer et al 1986, Edelstein 1994, Jernigan & Farr 2000, Enzensberger et al 2002, Lewis et al 2003. The risk population involves workers in the seafood industry, people whose hobbies involve water activities and fish enthusiasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in Slovenia by culture and molecular methods

Pate

Jenčič²,

Žolnir-Dovč³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Thirty-five aquarium fish were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria by culture and molecular methods. The following species were examined: goldfish Carassius auratus auratus, guppy Poecilia reticulata, 4 three-spot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, dwarf gourami Colisa lalia, Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens, freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, African cichlid fish Cichlidae spp., cichlid fish Microgeophagus altispinosus, cichlid fish Pseudotropheus lombardoi, blue streak hap Labidochromis caeruleus, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, and catfish Corydoras spp. Isolates of mycobacteria were obtained in 29 cases (82.9%). Two specimens were positive using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, but the cultivation failed. Four specimens were both ZN-and culture-negative. On the basis of GenoType Mycobacterium assay (Hain Lifescience) and restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified products (PCR-RFLP), 23 isolates (79.3%) were identified: 7 as Mycobacterium fortuitum, 6 as M. gordonae, 6 as M. marinum, 3 as M. chelonae, and 1 as M. peregrinum. Five isolates remained unidentified (Mycobacterium spp.). One case probably represented a mixed infection (M. marinum/M. fortuitum). Since M. marinum infections are also detected in humans, the significance of mycobacteria in aquarium fish should not be overlooked. KEY WORDS: Mycobacteria · Aquarium fish · PCR · Restriction enzyme analysis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 64: [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] 2005 character of the disease, any suspicion of fish mycobacteriosis should be taken seriously and investigation of the case conducted.The diagnosis of mycobacterial disease in fish is based on histopathological, culture and molecular methods. The aim of the present study was to identify the species of mycobacteria isolated from aquarium fish in Slovenia in the period from 2001 to 2004 and to compare the available identification methods in order to assess their suitability for routine use. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials. The internal organs of 35 aquarium fish were investigated. The number of fish and the species investigated were: 11 goldfish Carassius auratus auratus, 7 freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, 4 three-spot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, 3 guppy Poecilia reticulata, 2 southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, 1 dwarf gourami Colisa lalia, 1 Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens, 1 African cichlid fish Cichlidae spp., 1 cichlid fish Microgeophagus altispinosus, 1 cichlid fish Pseudotropheus lombardoi, 1 blue streak hap Labidochromis caeruleus, 1 sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, and 1 catfish Corydoras spp.Bacteriology. Smears made directly from fish organs were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). Following homogenization, decontamination with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH), and concentration of the specimens, their sediments were inoculated on the following media: Stonebrink, Middlebrook 7H10, Löwenstein-Jensen with pyruvate, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in Slovenia by culture and molecular methods

Pate

Jenčič²,

Žolnir-Dovč³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…The use of drugs for the treatment of M. marinum infections in humans are well known (Edelstein, 1994;Harth et al, 1994;Lam et al, 2006). However, chemotherapeutics against Mycobacterium infection in fish and drug sensitivities of M. marinum are not well known (Decostere et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Drugs against Mycobacterium marinum in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Weerakhun

Hatai

Murase³

et al. 2008

Fish Pathol.

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ABSTRACT-Mycobacterium marinum (NJB 0419, MY 0401) isolated from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata showed drug susceptibility to rifampin, streptomycin (SM), ethambutol, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin by the broth dilution method. Furthermore, SM, kanamycin and sulfamonomethoxine activities were tested using the proportion method, and M. marinum was most susceptible to SM. Therefore, SM was used for the treatment of yellowtail (mean body weight 236 g) intramuscularly injected with NJB 0419 at a dose of 5.6 ¥ 10 4 CFU/fish. The diet medicated with SM was orally administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 consecutive days after 4 h or 10 days following injection. Fish receiving 50 mg SM had lower mortality than the controls when medication started 4 h after injection. Therefore, SM may be an effective drug to control M. marinum infection. The timing for initiating oral medication with SM requires further study.

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“…The results of the investigations were compared to those obtained in a previous study with a set of temporally and geographically diverse Mycobacterium ulcerans (n ‫؍‬ 29) and Mycobacterium marinum (n ‫؍‬ 29) isolates (K. Chemlal, G. Huys Mycobacterium marinum disease and Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, are mycobacterial diseases with pathophysiologic similarities (both cause necrotizing skin lesions) and common (aquatic) reservoirs of infection (13,14). M. marinum was first described in marine fish in an aquarium in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1926 and has been known as the cause of fish tank or swimming pool granulomas (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Unusual Mycobacterium: a Possible Missing Link between Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium ulcerans

et al. 2002

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In an attempt to characterize an unusual mycobacterial isolate from a 44-year-old patient living in France, we applied phenotypic characterizations and various previously described molecular methods for the taxonomic classification of mycobacteria. The results of the investigations were compared to those obtained in a previous study with a set of temporally and geographically diverse Mycobacterium ulcerans (n ‫؍‬ 29) and Mycobacterium marinum (n ‫؍‬ 29) isolates (K. Chemlal, G. Huys, P.

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Mycobacterium marinum skin infections. Report of 31 cases and review of the literature

Abstract: Ethambutol plus rifampin appears more useful than minocycline in treating cutaneous M marinum infection. This result remains to be confirmed by larger clinical studies, which may be difficult because this infection is relatively rare.

Cited by 102 publications

References 34 publications

Detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in Slovenia by culture and molecular methods

Detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in Slovenia by culture and molecular methods

In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Drugs against Mycobacterium marinum in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Characterization of an Unusual Mycobacterium: a Possible Missing Link between Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium ulcerans

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