. nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, "M. novum," and M. triviale. Each of these clusters appeared to be reduced to a single species, M. avium Chester 1901 (7) and M. nonchromogenicum Tsukamura 1965 (33), respectively which have priority in each group. However, considering the wide use of the names of the species of these groups, Tsukamura (40) proposed that the names the M. avium complex and the M. nonchromogenicum complex be used for these clusters. Tsukamura et al (43,44) observed also that M. tuberculosis, 315