Epidemiology of Infection by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Martin, Elisabeth C.; Parker, Barry; Falkinham, Joseph O.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/136.2.344

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Households whose water came from a public or private water system were more likely to have NTM in household water than those whose water source was a well (p = 0.1532, relative risk = 1.689). Although not significant, that result is consistent with the fact that NTM are seldom detected in groundwater ( 40 ). This pilot study will be followed by an investigation to assess the influence of a variety of household plumbing characteristics in households of additional NTM patients and their neighbors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Household Plumbing of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disease

Falkinham¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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To determine whether plumbing could be a source of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, during 2007–2009 I isolated NTM from samples from household water systems of NTM patients. Samples from 22/37 (59%) households and 109/394 (28%) total samples yielded NTM. Seventeen (46%) of the 37 households yielded >1 Mycobacterium spp. isolate of the same species as that found in the patient; in 7 of those households, the patient isolate and 1 plumbing isolate exhibited the same repetitive sequence-based PCR DNA fingerprint. Households with water heater temperatures <125°C (<50°C) were significantly more likely to harbor NTM compared with households with hot water temperatures >130°F (>55°C) (p = 0.0107). Although households with water from public or private water systems serving multiple households were more likely to have NTM (19/27, 70%) compared with households with a well providing water to only 1 household (5/12, 42%), that difference was not significant (p = 0.1532).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Household Plumbing of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disease

Falkinham¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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289

239

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“…“hominissuis” reported in studies from the continental U.S. and Japan [25–27], we suspected this species would be prevalent in Hawaiian Island household biofilms and patient samples; however, it was seemingly absent, at least in the samples examined in this study. In general, NTM are rare in groundwater [29] whereas M . avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the Hawaiian Islands

et al. 2016

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Lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. Epidemiologic studies have shown the Hawaiian Islands have the highest prevalence of NTM lung infections in the United States. However, potential environmental reservoirs and species diversity have not been characterized. In this cross-sectional study, we describe molecular and phylogenetic comparisons of NTM isolated from 172 household plumbing biofilms and soil samples from 62 non-patient households and 15 respiratory specimens. Although non-uniform geographic sampling and availability of patient information were limitations, Mycobacterium chimaera was found to be the dominant species in both environmental and respiratory specimens. In contrast to previous studies from the continental U.S., no Mycobacterium avium was identified. Mycobacterium intracellulare was found only in respiratory specimens and a soil sample. We conclude that Hawai’i’s household water sources contain a unique composition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), increasing our appreciation of NTM organisms of pulmonary importance in tropical environments.

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“…Of two recreational lakes, RGM were the dominant NTM, but a diversity of other mycobacteria were found in high density in the water column, air-water interface, sediment, and in association with benthic algae growing on plants and fine sediment using quantitative real-time PCR and the MiSeq Illumina platform (Roguet et al, 2016). Yet, NTM remain seldomly recovered from well and groundwaters (Martin et al, 1987). …”

Section: Typical Environmental Habitats Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

2018

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Seminal microbiological work of environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) includes the discovery that NTM inhabit water distribution systems and soil, and that the species of NTM found are geographically diverse. It is likely that patients acquire their infections from repeated exposures to their environments, based on the well-accepted paradigm that water and soil bioaerosols – enriched for NTM – can be inhaled into the lungs. Support comes from reports demonstrating NTM isolated from the lungs of patients are genetically identical to NTM found in their environment. Well documented sources of NTM include peat-rich soils, natural waters, drinking water, hot water heaters, refrigerator taps, catheters, and environmental amoeba. However, NTM have also been recovered in biofilms from ice machines, heated nebulizers, and heater-cooler units, as well as seat dust from theaters, vacuum cleaners, and cobwebs. New studies on the horizon aim to significantly expand the current knowledge of environmental NTM niches in order to improve our current understanding of the specific ecological factors driving the emergence of NTM lung disease. Specifically, the Hawaiian Island environment is currently being studied as a model to identify other point sources of exposure as it is the U.S. state with the highest number of NTM lung disease cases. Because of its geographic isolation and unique ecosystem, the Hawaiian environment is being probed for correlative factors that may promote environmental NTM colonization.

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Epidemiology of Infection by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Cited by 43 publications

References 131 publications

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Household Plumbing of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disease

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Household Plumbing of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Disease

Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the Hawaiian Islands

Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches

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