Mycobacterium branderi Infection in a Horse with Granulomatous Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

Silva, F.S.; Lorenzett, Marina Paula; Bianchi, Matheus Viezzer; Bastos, H.B.A.; Larentis, Gustavo Rupp; Paul, L.G.; Snel, Gustavo Geraldo Medina; Oliveira-Filho, José Paes de; Mattos, Rodrigo Costa; Sonne, Luciana

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.03.003

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…NTM infection has also been reported as a causative agent of lymphadenitis in horses. Mycobacterium branderi , a NTM, was isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of a 17-year-old Thoroughbred stallion from Brazil with a 3-month history of chronic diarrhea, weight loss, depression, decreased appetite, fever, peripheral edema, and persistent leucocytosis [ 5 ]. Despite multiple courses of antimicrobial drugs, clinical signs persisted, and the horse was euthanized due to the grave prognosis.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestation Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On post-mortem examination, most of the parenchyma of the mesenteric lymph nodes were replaced by inflammatory infiltration of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and some neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Numerous acid-fast bacilli within the cytoplasm of macrophages of mesenteric lymph nodes were observed on Ziehl–Neelsen stain [ 5 ]. Histopathological examination of the small and large intestinal sections revealed only lymphangiectasia and mucosal edema, and none of the sections contained any bacilli structures indicating the lesions were limited to the lymph nodes.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestation Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horses are highly resistant to mycobacterial infections [ 2 , 3 ]. However, during the last few decades, the number of reports of horses suffering from gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and reproductive diseases associated with infection with NTM have increased [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. This literature review describes clinical features, diagnosis and treatment approaches, and public health considerations of NTM infection in horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Horses: A Narrative Review

Maboni

Lack

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing in human and veterinary medicine. Although horses were initially thought to be resistant to NTM infection, reports of horses suffering from gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases associated with NTM have increased in the last few decades. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the mycobacteria species found in horses, describe clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment approaches, and public health concerns of NTM infection in horses. Clinical manifestations of NTM in horses include pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, soft tissue, bone infections, and disseminated disease. NTM are also linked to granulomatous enteritis, placentitis, and abortions. Currently, diagnostic methods for NTM are limited and include acid-fast microscopy, bacterial cultures, species-specific PCR assays, and gene sequencing. In humans, NTM treatment guidelines are available, but their application appears inadequate and inconsistent. In horses, treatment guidelines for NTM infections are not available. NTM are a serious public health threat as 70% of people with untreated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a chronic pulmonary disease caused by NTM. Thus, it is essential that we gain a better understanding of NTM infections in horses and their zoonotic potential.

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Section: Clinical Manifestation Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Manifestation Of Ntmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Horses: A Narrative Review

Maboni

Lack

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Lacteal dilation or lymphangiectasia is an architectural change that can be associated with protein-losing enteropathy and has been reported in the horse. 24,39 Frequently, lacteal dilation is secondary to chronic mucosal inflammation, with obstruction of lymphatic outflow from the mucosa. Overinterpretation of visible lacteals needs to be avoided; true dilation in the dog is reserved for lacteals that approach ≥50% of the villus width.…”

Section: Overview Of Parameters For Evaluation Of Gi Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal biopsy in the horse: overview of collection, interpretation, and applications

Hostetter

Uzal

2022

J VET Diagn Invest

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Evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies is a multistep process that includes reviewing an appropriate history, determining sample quality, and evaluating histologic sections. Selected diagnostic parameters that, in combination with intestinal histopathology, can be useful to localize disease to the intestinal tract in the horse include hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, ultrasound evidence of increased thickness of the small intestinal wall, and alterations in glucose or D-xylose absorption tests. Biopsies may be acquired either endoscopically, or via laparoscopy or standing flank incisional approaches. GI sections should be evaluated using a systematic approach that includes both architectural changes and inflammatory cell infiltrates. Although strategies have been developed for assessment of GI biopsies from the dog and cat, a standardized approach to interpretation of the equine GI biopsy has yet to be developed. GI biopsies pose several challenges to the pathologist, especially for endoscopic biopsies in which the quality of the specimen and its orientation may vary greatly. Architectural changes are arguably the most critical changes to evaluate. In a horse with chronic GI inflammation, such as occurs in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the cell types encountered frequently are macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Increased numbers of these cell types are categorized loosely as mild, moderate, and severe. Specific forms of idiopathic IBD have been further classified by this infiltrate as granulomatous enteritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and lymphoplasmacytic enteritis; there is limited information on microscopic changes with each. Unfortunately, microscopic GI lesions are usually nonspecific, and determination of etiology requires further investigation.

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Mycobacterium branderi Infection in a Horse with Granulomatous Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Horses: A Narrative Review

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Horses: A Narrative Review

Gastrointestinal biopsy in the horse: overview of collection, interpretation, and applications

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