Mycobacterial infection in Northern snakehead (<i>Channa argus</i>) from the Potomac River catchment

Densmore, Christine L.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Henderson, Anne P.; Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Odenkirk, John

doi:10.1111/jfd.12412

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Few reports correlated with cultured snakehead fish diseases include Mycobacterium spp. (Densmore et al ), Aeromonas schubertii (Chen et al ) and Aeromonas hydrophila (Rajendiran et al ). In particular, Aeromonas spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead ( Channa argus ) in China

Zhang

Kang

Song

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Members of the genus Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogen of a variety of aquatic animals that exhibits multidrug resistance, phenotypes, virulence genes and virulence. The present study described the species distribution and the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolated from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Molecular identification revealed that A. veronii biovar veronii (69/167; 41·3%) and A. hydrophila (41/167; 24·6%) were the most common species found in Northern snakehead intestine based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B protein. The distribution of seven virulence factors including aer (84·4%), act (80·8%), ser (40·1%), Aha (27·5%), lip (23·4%), exu (15·0%) and LuxS (12·6%) were determined exclusively in Aeromonas isolates. All the seven virulence genes were present in 9·6% (16/167), among which 11 strains were identified as A. veronii biovar veronii. For the strains harbouring seven virulence genes, the 50% lethal doses (LD50) of isolates were lower compared to the isolates carrying two virulence genes. The challenge tests revealed that isolate W31 had the lowest lethal dose, causing 50% mortality at 4·5 × 103 colony‐forming units (CFU) per ml. Furthermore, histopathology of Northern snakehead infected with Aeromonas strains showed necrosis and congestion in liver, spleen and kidney and also damage to the intestine. This study confirms that the Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead may be a cause of concern for public health. Significance and Impact of the Study Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and have considerable virulence potential. The aim of this study was to identify Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead, and to investigate if Aeromonas species isolated from healthy fish potential pathogenicity with special reference to virulence and epidemiology studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead ( Channa argus ) in China

Zhang

Kang

Song

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…The typical features of A. schubertii infection are white nodules in the liver, spleen and kidney, highly similar to sarcoidosis symptoms in fish caused by nocardia (Wang, Xu, Jin, Zhu, & Yuan, 2007) and mycobacteria (Densmore, Iwanowicz, Henderson, Iwanowicz, & Odenkirk, 2016). Thus, it is easy to misdiagnose or prescribe the wrong medication during fish culture, which can cause severe losses for the snakehead breeding industry .…”

Section: Snakeheads Is One Of Economically Important Freshwater Fish mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of Aeromonas schubertii in Channa maculata by TaqMan MGB probe fluorescence real‐time quantitative PCR

Lei

Guo

Cao

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Aeromonas schubertii is a major epidemiological agent that threatens cultured snakeheads (Channidae) and has caused great economic losses in fish‐farming industries in China in recent years. In present study, a specific TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probe fluorescence real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to rapidly detect and quantify A. schubertii. A pair of qPCR primers and a TaqMan MGB probe were selected from the rpoD gene, which were shown to be specific for A. schubertii. A high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9998) in a standard curve with a 103% efficiency was obtained. Moreover, the qPCR method's detection limit was as low as 18 copies/μl, which was 100 times more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. The detection results for the A. schubertii in pond water and fish tissue were consistent with those of the viable counts. Bacterial load changes detected by qPCR in different tissues of snakeheads infected with A. schubertii showed that the gills and intestines may be the entry for A. schubertii, and the spleen and kidney are major sites for A. schubertii replication. The established method in present study should be a useful tool for the early surveillance and quantitation of A. schubertii.

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“…Currently, infectious diseases are one of the major obstacles and challenges for giant snakehead farming. While some initial studies have shown that the giant snakehead is susceptible to infectious disease (Novita et al, 2020 ), most reports on diseases in fish in the family Channidae were from natural cases or experimental studies in other snakehead species (Densmore et al, 2016 ; Kasornchandra et al, 1992 ; Liu & Li, 2012 ; Novita et al, 2020 ; Sihananto et al, 2019 ; Tortoli et al, 1996 ; Wang et al, 2007 ; Zheng et al, 2012 ). Indeed, various pathogens including parasites, viruses, fungi and bacteria can infect Channidae fish, leading to high mortality and severe economic impacts (Liu & Li, 2012 ; Novita et al, 2020 ; Tortoli et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent infections of Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii in farmed Giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes)

Pulpipat

Heckman

Boonyawiwat

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The giant snakehead, Channa micropeltes, is an increasingly important economic freshwater fish in Thailand and other regions of Asia. Presently, giant snakehead are cultured under intensive aquaculture conditions, leading to high stress and conditions favouring disease. In this study, we reported a disease outbreak in farmed giant snakehead with a cumulative mortality of 52.5%, continuing for 2 months. The affected fish exhibited signs of lethargy, anorexia and haemorrhage of the skin and eyes. Further bacterial isolations revealed two different types of colonies on tryptic soy agar: small white, punctate colonies of gram‐positive cocci and cream‐coloured, round and convex colonies of rod‐shaped gram‐negative bacteria. Additional biochemical and species‐specific PCR analysis based on 16S rRNA confirmed the isolates as Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) placed the S. iniae isolate into a large clade of strains from clinically infected fish worldwide. Gross necropsy findings showed liver congestion, pericarditis and white nodules in the kidney and liver. Histologically, the affected fish showed focal to multifocal granulomas with inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney and liver, enlarged blood vessels with mild congestion within the meninges of the brain and severe necrotizing and suppurative pericarditis with myocardial infarction. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that S. iniae was sensitive to amoxicillin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and resistant to sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim, while the A. veronii was susceptible to erythromycin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and resistant to amoxicillin. Conclusively, our findings highlighted the natural concurrent bacterial infections in cultured giant snakehead, which support the implementation of appropriate treatment and control strategies.

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Mycobacterial infection in Northern snakehead (Channa argus) from the Potomac River catchment

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead ( Channa argus ) in China

Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead ( Channa argus ) in China

Detection and quantification of Aeromonas schubertii in Channa maculata by TaqMan MGB probe fluorescence real‐time quantitative PCR

Concurrent infections of Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii in farmed Giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes)

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