MXene‐Enabled Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor: Applications toward Multicomponent Continuous Monitoring in Whole Blood

Abstract

Continuous and real‐time sensoring has received much attention in biomarker monitoring, toxicity assessment, and therapeutic agent tracking. However, its on‐site application is seriously limited by several stubborn defects including liability to fouling, signal drifting, short service life, poor repeatability, etc. Additionally, most current methods require extra sample pretreatment, delaying timely acquisition of testing results. To address these issues, MXene‐Ti3C2Tx based screen‐printed electrode incorporated with a dialysis microfluidic chip is constructed for a direct and continuous multicomponent analysis of whole blood. Dual‐function of MXene is developed and allows for simultaneous quantification of different target compounds through one device. Importantly, ratiometric sensing tactic is easily implemented in the system, which greatly alleviates signal drifting. As a proof of concept, this novel sensor is applied in hemodialysis, and continuous assay of urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels in human blood is realized. This work paves a new path for 2D MXene in biomedical and sensing applications.

Near-infrared light-responsive hydrogels via peroxide-decorated MXene-initiated polymerization

“…Repeatable signal patterns are observed in response to NIR irradiation, suggesting the potential application of NC hydrogels as infrared photodetectors and photovoltaics. Additionally, since both MXenes and PNIPAM are biocompatible, 32,33,64 the NC hydrogel may be further designed as a photothermal agent for localized anticancer treatment or enzyme bioreactors.…”

“…27 Owing to their properties of a functionalized surface, small band gaps, and excellent photothermal properties and conductivity, they have diverse applications in batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biomedicine. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Ti 3 C 2 T x , a representative MXenes, has abundant functional groups (i.e. -OH, -O or -F) and is well dispersible in aqueous solution.…”

2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors

“…Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was applied for patterning of various electrodes with subsequent modifications applied for immobilization of proteins. For example SPE was electrochemically activated in 0.1 M NaOH to make the electrode hydrophilic and then MXene was deposited on the activated SPE .…”

“…Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was applied for patterning of various electrodes with subsequent modifications applied for immobilization of proteins. For example SPE was electrochemically activated in 0.1 M NaOH to make the electrode hydrophilic and then MXene was deposited on the activated SPE [22]. Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene was deposited on a piranha (H 2 SO 4 : H 2 O 2 = 7 : 3, 120°C for 2 h) oxidized glass substrate to deposit À OH functional groups [23].…”

Ultra-Narrow-Band Filter Based on High Q Factor in Metallic Nanoslit Arrays

“…Nanomaterials and nanostructures have been the research focus in recent years for their potential in various fields, such as lasers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], medicine [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], renewable energy [ 8 ], and communication [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The metallic nanostructure is standing out due to its advantages of small dimension, high integration, subwavelength field confinement, and broad-spectrum.…”