Mutual Solubility Measurements of Hydrocarbon–Water Systems Containing Benzene, Toluene, and 3-Methylpentane

Abstract

Although abundant literature data are available on liquid-liquid phase equilibrium for select hydrocarbonwater systems at ambient or near ambient temperatures, a deficiency exists for data at elevated temperatures. In this study, we sought to (a) evaluate existing mutual hydrocarbon-water liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data, (b) develop an experimental apparatus capable of measuring accurately the hydrocarbon-water (LLE) mutual solubilities, and (c) perform measurements on the benzene-water, toluene-water, and 3-methylpentane-water systems. A continuous flow apparatus was utilized to measure the LLE mutual solubilities at temperatures ranging from ambient to 500 K, which is near the three-phase critical end point of the benzene-water and toluene-water systems. The well-documented benzene-water system was used to validate the reliability of the sampling and analytical techniques employed. Generally, the present measurements showed adequate agreement with available literature data. An error propagation analysis for the three systems indicates maximum expected uncertainties of 4 % and 8 % in the water-phase and organic-phase solubility measurements, respectively. This study provides valuable LLE mutual solubility data and demonstrates the efficacy of the experimental apparatus in making accurate measurements.

Terpenes solubility in water and their environmental distribution

“…With only four experimental points the same procedure was applied to toluene solubility. The standard enthalpy of solution is 3.5 kJ/mol at the harmonic temperature 310.4 K, which is comparable to 4.36 kJ/mol measured by a flow micro-calorimetric method at 308.2 K [41], and to 4.56 kJ/mol found using the solubility data by Neely et al [30], supporting also the good quality of the experimental data collected in this work, as in the compilation analysis by Hefter [42] the enthalpy of solution at 298.15 K, calculated from different aqueous solubility sets, are in the range between 1.5 and 4.7 kJ/mol.…”

“…1 with values from the extensive and detailed study compilation by Góral et al [29]. The results obtained by Neely et al [30], published after that study were also included. As shown in Fig.…”

Modeling Studies on the Transport of Benzene and H2S in CO2-Water Systems

“…: critical point (Furutaka and Ikawa, 2001). 96 Figure (Miller and Hawthorne, 2000)) and along the three-phase pressure curve (Neely et al, 2008) at saturation temperatures. 99 Figure A.8.…”

“…Some researchers (e.g., Sanemasa et al, 1982; were more interested in the solubility at low temperatures and measured the solubility of benzene in water at vapor-liquid equilibrium. Others researchers measured the solubility at liquidliquid equilibrium (e.g., Neely et al, 2008;Miller and Hawthorne, 2000;Chen and Wagner, 1994) (Furutaka and Ikawa, 2001). Figure A4 shows the solubility of some hydrocarbons in water; among them, benzene is the most soluble.…”

“…Vapor pressure (bar) Mole fraction of benzene in water Chandler et al, 1998Anderson and prausnitz 1986Chen and Wagner, 1994Jou and Mather, 2003 (Miller and Hawthorne, 2000)) and along the three-phase pressure curve (Neely et al, 2008) at saturation temperatures.…”