Mutual Derivation Between Arbitrary Distribution Forms of Momenta and Momentum Components

Advances in High Energy Physics

Wazir

2020

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Centrality-dependent double-differential transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged particles (π−, K−, and p¯) at the mid(pseudo)rapidity interval in nuclear collisions are analyzed by the standard distribution in terms of multicomponent. The experimental data measured in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are studied. The effective temperature, initial temperature, kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the fitting to transverse momentum spectra. We observed that the mentioned five quantities increase with the increase of event centrality due to the fact that the average transverse momentum increases with the increase of event centrality. This renders that larger momentum (energy) transfer and further multiple scattering had happened in central centrality.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Temperatures and Kinetic Freeze-Out Volume on Centrality in Au-Au and Pb-Pb Collisions at High Energy

Ajaz

Advances in High Energy Physics

Wazir

2020

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“…Let

denote the azimuthal angle of

relative to

. According to the works in [ 50 , 51 ], we have the unit normalized probability density function of

and

to be

where

denotes the united probability density function of

and

. Further, we have the probability density function of

to be

…”

Section: Formalism and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Olimov

2021

Entropy

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The transverse momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons produced at mid-rapidity in central nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions at high energies are analyzed by considering particles to be created from two participant partons, which are assumed to be contributors from the collision system. Each participant (contributor) parton is assumed to contribute to the transverse momentum by a Tsallis-like function. The contributions of the two participant partons are regarded as the two components of transverse momentum of the identified particle. The experimental data measured in high-energy AA collisions by international collaborations are studied. The excitation functions of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity are extracted. The two parameters increase quickly from ≈3 to ≈10 GeV (exactly from 2.7 to 7.7 GeV) and then slowly at above 10 GeV with the increase of collision energy. In particular, there is a plateau from near 10 GeV to 200 GeV in the excitation function of kinetic freeze-out temperature.

“…This paper has used the relation (i) and Eq. ( 9) which is based on the probability theory [40][41][42]. However, in our recent work [43], we have used the relation (ii) and another functional form which is based on the vector and probability 3 Advances in High Energy Physics theory [41,42].…”

Section: Formalism and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 9) which is based on the probability theory [40][41][42]. However, in our recent work [43], we have used the relation (ii) and another functional form which is based on the vector and probability 3 Advances in High Energy Physics theory [41,42]. We hope that we may use the relation (iii) in our future work by some limitations on ϕ 1 and ϕ 2 .…”

Section: Formalism and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Description of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Identified Particles Produced in Proton-Proton Collisions at High Energies

Yang

Advances in High Energy Physics

Sahoo

2020

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The transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in high energy proton-proton p + p collisions are empirically described by a new method with the framework of the participant quark model or the multisource model at the quark level, in which the source itself is exactly the participant quark. Each participant (constituent) quark contributes to the transverse momentum spectrum, which is described by the TP-like function, a revised Tsallis–Pareto-type function. The transverse momentum spectrum of the hadron is the convolution of two or more TP-like functions. For a lepton, the transverse momentum spectrum is the convolution of two TP-like functions due to two participant quarks, e.g., projectile and target quarks, taking part in the collisions. A discussed theoretical approach seems to describe the p + p collisions data at center-of-mass energy s = 200 GeV , 2.76 TeV, and 13 TeV very well.