Mutation breeding approach to breed drought tolerant maize hybrids

Abstract

Crop production worldwide is focus to increasing environmental limitations, particularly to drought due to its high degree of impact and wide distribution. Conventional breeding approaches are trying to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, which have had some improvement, but are restricted by the quantitative nature of the traits. Maize is an important cereal crop. It is used as raw material in food, medicine and textile industries for the manufacturing of corn oil, corn flakes, dextrose, textile dyes livestock and poultry. Drought seriously affects plant growth from seedling to maturity. Mutation also proved to be tremendously important for evaluating functions for individual drought tolerant genes due to the availability of knock-out mutants and its docility for genetic transformation. To produce hybrids it is needed to collect information about germplasm diversity, combining ability and heterotic pattern that is essential in maximizing the effectiveness of the breeding programs. It will be helpful in selection of genotypes with improved yield. When genes for resistance to a particular disease or stress cannot be found in the available gene pool then mutation induction is the best alternative. In this review, the response of plant to drought and mutation are described, the regulatory routes which allow plants to manage with drought are presented, and how the present information can be useful to obtain stress tolerant plants.

Induction of Winter Wheat Plant Structure Mutations by Chemomutagenesis

“…In spite of the previous investigation in our experiment it has been shown new possibilities in induction of mutant with changes in plant structure. Short height forms are important for grain productivity and efficient nutrient sources utilization (Shan et al, 2018), changes in waxy bloom need for drought tolerance and plant energetic balance improvement for future climates changes challenges (Saifu-Malook et al, 2015;Harkness et al, 2020), thickness of stem can be used for lodging resistance (Pavlista, Hergert, Baltensperger, & Knox, 2010). Plant height is an important trait that influences the yield and sustainability of wheat productions.…”

Application of Atmospheric and Room-Temperature Plasma (ARTP) to Microbial Breeding

“…Various methods are employed to breed microbes, including natural screening, gene recombination, mutation breeding, metabolic control breeding, and genetic engineering breeding [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among these methods, mutation breeding induces various biological effects, such as base deletion, chromosome breakage, and gene recombination, leading to altered traits in the offspring and the introduction of numerous mutations [ 5 , 6 ].…”