Mutagenicity testing of HPLC fractions from wood-stove emission samples using a modified Salmonella assay requiring smaller sample volumes

Alfheim, Ingrid; Hongslo, Jan K.; Ramdahl, Th.

doi:10.1016/0165-1161(84)90246-2

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This may in part reflect a higher average mutagen concentration in the top of the pour plates due to decreased total plate agar volume. Similar increased yield of revertants/plate by use of decreased agar volume has more recently been reported by others [ 1,5]. The issue of agar volume was unfortunately not addressed in the most recent methods paper for the Ames test [lo], but our observation has previously been made by others [1,5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Urine recovery experiments with quercetin and other mutagens using the ames test

1986

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Recovery from urine of the mutagenic activity of 2-anthramine, cyclophosphamide, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 6-chloro-9-((3-(2-chloroethylamino)-propyl)amino)-2-methoxyacridin e dihydrochloride (ICR-191), mitomycin-C, nitrofurantoin, and quercetin was studied with several of the Ames tester strains using acetone-extracted XAD-2 columns with yields ranging from 27% to 79%. Dose responses of the pure chemicals were also studied, and results showed TA 97 to be far more susceptible to quercetin mutagenesis than TA 1537. Reducing pour plate agar volume enhanced mutagenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Urine recovery experiments with quercetin and other mutagens using the ames test

1986

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“…We have descaled the Salmonella plate incorporation test, utilizing small petri dishes (diameter 6 cm), and have thereby been able to reduce the test volume to about one third of that required for the usual test. 159 The use of bioassay-directed analysis on extracts of particles from ambient air thus far has only given limited information about the compounds that contribute to the mutagenic activity of such extracts. Commoner and co-workers 101 identified BaP and benzo(e)pyrene in the active spots on their TLC plates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the direct mutagenic activity was in the most polar fraction, whereas a considerable amount of indirect activity could be seen in the most nonpolar fraction (containing PAH compounds) in the presence of S9. 159 Extracts of emission samples from burning of cereal straw have been fractionated by the same procedure with similar results (unpublished results).…”

Section: Stationary Combustion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

Alfheim¹,

Bjørseth²,

Møller³

et al. 1984

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

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“…Woodsmoke has been shown by several investigators to be mutagenic in strain TA98, and enhanced response has been demonstrated when S9 is present [Lewtas, 1981;Alfheim et al, 1984;Kamens et al, 1984; aOrganic extracts of the samples included in this study were solvent exchanged to DMSO and tested at 13 doses in duplicate or triplicate in the standard and spiral assays. Slopes were calculated from the dose-response curves illustrated in Figures 1-3 using the linear model of Bernstein et al [1982].…”

Section: Comparison Of Sample Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the spiral salmonella assay to detect the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures

Houk¹,

Claxton²,

Early³

et al. 1991

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The success demonstrated by the spiral Salmonella assay in a recent study of 20 pure prompted us to examine the effectiveness of this automated bacterial mutagenicity assay for testing complex environmental mixtures. Three sets of combustion emissions were selected for evaluation: automotive diesel exhaust, woodsmoke, and a coal combustion emission. Each sample was tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay according to standard protocol (plate incorporation) and spiral assay techniques. In the spiral assay, a specialized plating instrument dispenses the bacteria, test agent, and S9 mix in a spiral pattern onto a minimal agar plate supplemented with histidine and biotin. The components of the assay are administered in such a way that a uniform density of bacteria is exposed to a concentration gradient of the test agent on a single plate. When results are analyzed, a dose-response curve comprised of 13 data points is generated. A comparison of results from the two assays demonstrated the following: 1) Diesel exhaust was generally the most mutagenically potent sample in both assays, followed closely by the coal combustion emission. The woodsmoke sample was only weakly mutagenic in the standard assay but demonstrated higher mutagenic activity in the spiral assay. 2) Samples were more mutagenic on rev/microgram basis in the spiral assay, especially when metabolic activation was added. This disparity presumably was due to differences in the relative amounts of S9 administered across the dose range. 3) The spiral assay required 1/20 the sample mass of the standard assay to test equivalent doses; in addition, for some samples, 50 times more sample mass was required by the standard assay to generate a comparable dose response. 4) Dichloromethane extracts of the complex mixtures could be tested for mutagenicity in the spiral assay, thereby precluding solvent exchange (to dimethylsulfoxide) required by the standard assay for sample/bioassay compatibility.

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Mutagenicity testing of HPLC fractions from wood-stove emission samples using a modified Salmonella assay requiring smaller sample volumes

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Urine recovery experiments with quercetin and other mutagens using the ames test

Urine recovery experiments with quercetin and other mutagens using the ames test

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

Use of the spiral salmonella assay to detect the mutagenicity of complex environmental mixtures

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