Mutagenic activity detected by the Ames test in river water under the influence of petrochemical industries

Currently, a wide range of research involving natural products is focused on the discovery of new drugs in many different therapeutic areas. A great number of the synthetic compounds on the market were derived from natural products, especially plants. Nemorosone is the major constituent of the floral resin of Clusia rosea Jacq., Clusiaceae, and in Cuban propolis. In vitro studies have shown cytotoxic activity in this substance against various tumor cell lines, including those resistant to various cytotoxic drugs, whereas it has low cytotoxicity to non-tumoral cells. Therefore, in order to characterize the biological activity of nemorosone, a substance with potential antitumor activity, and in view of preclinical testing of the toxicity of drug candidate compounds, the main aim of this study was to determine the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of nemorosone by the Ames test, using the strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 of Salmonella typhimurium. Secondly, to characterize the estrogenic activity in an experimental recombinant yeast model (Recombinant Yeast Assay) mutagenic activity was observed at in any of the concentrations in any of the test strains. To evaluate the antimutagenic potential, direct and indirect mutagenic agents were used: 4 nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), mitomycin C (MMC) and aflatoxin B1 (AFL). Nemorosone showed moderate antimutagenic activity (inhibition level 31%), in strain TA100 in the presence of AFL, and strong antimutagenic activity in TA102 against MMC (inhibition level 53%). Estrogenic activity was observed, with an EEq of 0.41±0.16 nM at various tested concentrations.

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“…The responses were considered toxic when sample survival was less than 60% of the total observed for the negative control (Vargas et al, 1993).…”

Section: Ames Antimutagenicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of estrogenic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of nemorosone

Camargo¹,

Varela²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…Although pH values were not measured, the cytotoxic effect presented by the effluent could also be ascribed to this variable (Vargas, 1993), as cell death could rise as result of a primary damage to DNA, with breakdowns and bridges, or as the result of a more generalized toxic effect in the cell, similar to that occurring in the presence of detergent, which promoted the dissolution of cell membranes. Giuliani et al (1996), analyzing substances such as disinfectants and antibiotics, concluded that at high concentrations, disinfectants present significant cytotoxic effects, which were able to promote the induction of β-gal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolization may provide even more toxic characteristics to the analyzed samples, probably due to the high activity of metabolites generated by available substances, which led, in some cases the absence of genotoxiciy. Besides, the high toxicity presented by these samples might point out to a possible contamination by biologically active substances, such as antibiotics and disinfectants (Saxena, 1984;Houk, 1992;Vargas et al, 1993;Giuliani et al, 1996;White et al, 1996). These substances are widely used at the HCPA, and their ultimate destination is the effluents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples in which the induction factors were higher than or equal to 2 (IF ≥ 2), with survival equal to or above 70%, were considered genotoxic. Cell survival values below 70% were classified as cytotoxicity effects (Vargas et al, 1993;Picada et al, 1997). According to the umuC test protocol (Oda et al, 1985), modified by Hartmann (1998), growth values up to 120 and 140%, compared to the negative control, in the absence and presence of the metabolic activation system (S9), respectively, were considered normal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of untreated hospital effluents

Ortolan

Ayub

2007

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…However, there are many reports on the contamination of surface water with chemicals from anthropogenic sources such as pesticides and industrial wastes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine in Water from the Waka River in Wakayama, Japan

Watanabe

Hasei

Ohe

et al. 2006

Genes and Environment

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In a previous study, we found that water concentrate from the Waka River, which ‰ows through an industrial area in Wakayama, Japan, showed signiˆcant mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 without a mammalian metabolic system (S9 mix), and 4-amino-3,3?-dichloro-5,4?-dinitrobiphenyl (ADDB) was identiˆed as a major direct-acting mutagenic constituent in the water concentrate. ADDB induced 428,000 revertants/mg in YG1024 without S9 mix, and this activity was 48 times as high as that with S9 mix. In this study, to clarify whether other mutagenic contaminants were present in the river, water concentrates were collected at three sites along the Waka River and examined for mutagenicity by the Ames test using YG1024 and YG1029 with and without S9 mix. All water concentrates showed potent mutagenicity in YG1024 with and/or without S9 mix. ADDB was detected in water concentrate that was extremely mutagenic without S9 mix. An indirect-acting mutagen, which accounted for more than 30% of the total mutagenicity of the water concentrates in YG1024 with S9 mix, was isolated from two extremely mutagenic water concentrates by HPLC separation. On the basis of spectral data and co-chromatography using authentic chemicals, this mutagen was identiˆed as 3,3?-dichlorobenzidine (DCB). DCB showed strong mutagenicity in YG1024 with S9 mix, inducing 5,186 revertants/mg. DCB was detected in water concentrates collected on the other three sampling dates in the range from 15.8 to 28.5 mg/g of blue rayon. These results suggest that Waka River water might be continually contaminated with mutagens, and DCB was thought to be the major mutagenic constituent of the river water.

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Mutagenic activity detected by the Ames test in river water under the influence of petrochemical industries

Cited by 119 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of estrogenic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of nemorosone

Assessment of estrogenic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of nemorosone

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of untreated hospital effluents

Detection of 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine in Water from the Waka River in Wakayama, Japan

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