Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of untreated hospital effluents

Ortolan, Maria da Graca da Silva; Ayub, Marco Antônio Záchia

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132007000400009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The residues associated with patient excretions may also contain several products with mutagenic activity. Ortolan and Ayub, (2007), reported the possible presence of cytotoxic (that is, cell direct toxicity) and genotoxic activities in the effluents of a typically large general hospital, in de Porto Alegre, a big southern city of Brazil. Antibiotics which form a good percentage of hospital effluents such as Ofloxacin was found to be genotoxic, and sulfamethoxazole, Ofloxacin and Limcomycin were mutagenic in Ames test and SOS Chromotest (Hartmann et al, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Burden of Oyo State Fish Pond, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Babatunde¹,

Woke²

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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Physicochemical characteristics of the Oyo State fish pond (OYSFP) was analysed to assess the water quality status in relation to the fish produced in the pond for human consumption. The pond was originally designed to control storm waters from the high lands around but was later converted for the purpose of commercial fish production and other uses by the State Government. The pond is a recipient of tributaries of wastewaters from Premier Hotel (PHWW), Coca Cola bottling plant (CCWW), University of Ibadan Teaching Hospital (UCHWW) and Bodija Residential area (BDJWW). Results of the physico-chemical parameters showed most of the parameters were higher than the maximum permissible limits for surface waters and discharge of wastewaters into surface waters. Premier Hotel wastewater (PHWW) had the lowest pH value of 6.41 and the most acidic of all the wastewaters sampled. OYSFP recorded the lowest dissolved oxygen value of 2.03mg/L and the highest BOD, COD, nitrate, TS and conductivity values of 78.04mg/L, 235.26mg/L, 78 mg/L, 1428.50, 947µS/cm respectively. The highest sulphate value of 248 mg/L was recorded for BDJSW, this was probably due to runoffs from vegetable gardens along the stream bearing inorganic fertilizers. Other macroscopic observations showed that PHWW was slimy to touch, fowl smelling, dark in colour and had animal life forms such as maggots and flying insects residing in it. CCWW was brownish in colour and slightly smelly and fishes were sighted. OYSFP was dark, muddy, fowl smelling, the surface was covered by aquatic weeds predominantly water hyacinth. UCHWW was transparent, foamy, slimy, slightly smelly and no animal life was sighted in it. BDJWW was clear, no odour, animal life forms including fish and surface arthropods were sighted. Results of physicochemical parameters reported in the present study indicate contamination in OYSFP and fish produced there may not be suitable for human consumption. © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v19i2.12 KEY WORDS: fish pond, wastewaters, Physico-chemical analysis INTRODUCTIONDespite the growing concerns for the contamination of surface and ground water, little attention is given to the proper treatment and disposal of human dejects and toxic substances generated by industrial, agricultural activities, health and hospitality services units, which are directly dispensed into channels, reaching natural surface water and contaminating ground water. Apart from the acute toxicity of these chemicals to natural biota, the ecological imbalance created usually results to irreversible levels of community disorderliness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Burden of Oyo State Fish Pond, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Babatunde¹,

Woke²

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…Hospital wastewaters (WWs) are a considerable problem in public health care due to the huge amount of chemicals released into the environment. 1,2 On the other hand, hospital WWs are the foremost source of pathogenic and antibioticresistant organisms that are released into the environment. 3 Since these effluents are discharged as conventional urban effluents to the municipal sewage system without prior treatment and there is also frequent disposal of the treated WW in surface waters, there is widespread contamination of natural waters with emerging contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic inactivation of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewaters: influence of residual antibiotics

Almeida

Tomé

Neves

et al. 2014

Photochem Photobiol Sci

116

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One environmental concern related to hospital effluents is discharge of them without preliminary treatment. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) may represent an alternative to the traditional expensive, unsafe and not always effective disinfection methods. The main goal of this work was to assess the efficiency of PDI on clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospital wastewaters in order to evaluate its potential use in treating hospital effluents. The efficiency of PDI was assessed using a cationic porphyrin as the photosensitizer (PS), four MDR bacteria either in phosphate buffered saline or in filtrated hospital wastewaters. The synergistic effect of PDI and antibiotics (ampicillin and chloramphenicol) was also evaluated, as well as the effect of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The results show the efficient inactivation of MDR bacteria in PBS (reduction of 6-8 log after 270 min of irradiation at 40 W m(-2) with 5.0 μM of PS). In wastewater, the inactivation of the four MDR bacteria was again efficient and the decrease in bacterial survival starts even sooner. A faster decrease in bacterial survival occurred when PDI was combined with the addition of antibiotics, at sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations, but the SDS did not affect the PDI efficiency. It can be concluded that PDI has potential to be an effective alternative for the inactivation of MDR bacteria in hospital wastewaters and that the presence of antibiotics may enhance its effectiveness.

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“…Overall, in this study, all of the calculated CIF values were obtained to be below the 1.5 threshold level (Kocak et al, 2010, Legault et al, 1996, Guzzella et al, 2006, Cachot et al, 2006, Gebel and Koenig, 1999, Ortolan and Ayub, 2007. When the CIF for any of the test concentrations reached 1.5, the test substance was scored as a significant genotoxic.…”

Section: Sos Chromotest Responsesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The criterion to consider a sample as positive in the SOS chromotest differs between authors (Kocak et al, 2010;Legault et al, 1996;Guzzella et al, 2006;Cachot et al, 2006;Gebel and Koenig, 1999;Ortolan and Ayub, 2007) (Table 1). Guzzella et al, (2006), Italy Legault et al, (1996) Prior to applying the parametric test, the Shapiro-Wilk W and the Levene's tests were consecutively implemented as preconditions, in order to appraise whether the obtained CIF subsets of 2013 Spring and 2013 Summer had either a normal or a non-normal distribution, and to evaluate whether the variances (or standard deviations) of the paired groups were either homogeneous or unequal.…”

Section: Determination Of Genotoxic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the potential genotoxic activity in seawater of Asin Bay, Gulf of Gulluk, Mugla, Aegean coast of Turkey

2017

Issue 4

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This research examined the genotoxic activity in the seawater of Asin Bay (Gulf of Gulluk) located in Mugla, Turkey, Aegean coast of Turkey. Genotoxic activities of 66 raw samples, taken from 17 different stations in the spring and summer seasons of the year 2013, were determined by using in vitro mutagenicity assay SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 strain bacteria activities. In the applied procedure, β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and different solvent controls were taken into account to generate reliable results in terms of the corrected induction factors (CIF) used as a quantitative measure of genotoxic activity level. The SOS chromotest procedure was simply and rapidly performed as an early assay to explore for whether a potential genotoxic activity was presence in the in the seawater of Asin Bay (Gulf of Gulluk) with no special measuring devices except a microplate reader. The implemented assay was successfully completed within only 24 h including the revival of the bacteria. The results showed that 11 samples (%17 of total) were close to the threshold value of 1.5. The findings of this study clearly revealed that the seawater of Asin Bay (Gulf of Gulluk) had no potential genotoxic risks in terms of the organisms in marine ecosystem, since all of the calculated CIF values were determined to be below the threshold level. It was concluded that according to the SOS chromotest results, the levels of potential genotoxic agents were found to be under the limits for the offshore fishery.

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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of untreated hospital effluents

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical Burden of Oyo State Fish Pond, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Analysis of the Physicochemical Burden of Oyo State Fish Pond, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Photodynamic inactivation of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewaters: influence of residual antibiotics

Evaluation of the potential genotoxic activity in seawater of Asin Bay, Gulf of Gulluk, Mugla, Aegean coast of Turkey

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