Mustard Gold in the Oleninskoe Gold Deposit, Kolmozero–Voronya Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia

Kalinin, A. A.; Savchenko, Ye. E.; Selivanova, Ekaterina A.

doi:10.3390/min9120786

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Evidentially, mustard gold is characteristic of gold-telluride [12][13][14][15] and gold-antimony [16][17][18] deposits, weathering crust [19][20][21] and placers [22,23]. Recently, mustard gold, sometimes with an admixture of Tl (up to 6.34 wt%), was found in the Oleninsky Au-Ag deposit (Kola Peninsula, Russia) [24]. In all the cases, mustard gold was developed in the oxidation zone as a result of the decomposition of tellurides, antimonides, sulfides, bismuthides Au (Ag) and low-fineness gold [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Supergene Gold of Karst Cavities of the Khokhoy Gold Ore Field (Aldan Shield, East Russia)

Anisimova¹,

Kondratieva²,

Kardashevskaia³

2020

Minerals

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Typomorphic features of supergene gold in karst cavities were studied in the recently discovered Au–Te–Sb–Tl deposit within the Khokhoy gold ore field of the Aldan-Stanovoy auriferous province (Aldan shield, East Russia). Two morphological types of supergene gold, massive and porous, are recognized there. The first type is represented by gold crystals and irregular mass, with the fineness ranging from 835 to 1000‰. They are closely associated with goethite, siderite, unnamed Fe, Te, and Tl carbonates, Tl tellurites/tellurates and antimonates, as well as avicennite with a Te impurity. The second type is represented by mustard gold of two types with different internal structure: microporous and dendritic. The supergene gold is characterized by persistently high fineness. Along with Ag, it invariably contains Hg (up to 5.78 wt%) and Bi, and, rarely, Pb, Cu, and Fe. The supergene gold is chemically homogeneous, and its particles are all marked by high fineness, without any rims or margins. The obtained characteristics made it possible to prove the existence of two genetic types of supergene gold. Mustard microporous gold is the result of the decomposition of the associated minerals—goethite, Tl oxides, tellurium, Fe, Mn and Tl carbonates and antimonates, containing microinclusions of gold. Massive gold and dendrites are newly formed. The decomposition, remobilization, and reprecipitation of residual gold nanoparticles and their aggregation led to the formation of dendrites, and with further crystal growth and filling of pores, to gold of massive morphology. In terms of morphology, internal structure, fineness, and trace element composition, supergene gold of the Khokhoy gold ore field is comparable to gold from the Kuranakh deposit (Russia) and the Carlin-type gold deposits. It also is similar to spungy and mustard gold from Au–Te and Au–Sb deposits, weathering crusts, and placers. Its main characteristic feature is a close paragenesis with Tl minerals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most intricate forms of gold are seen in a very rare mineral avicennite (Tl 2 O 3 ), an oxide of thallium with a Te impurity ( Figure 5d, Table 3; Nos. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Sometimes massive gold occurs in assemblage with siderite ( Figure 5e,f, Table 3; Nos.…”

Section: Massive Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Supergene Gold of Karst Cavities of the Khokhoy Gold Ore Field (Aldan Shield, East Russia)

Anisimova¹,

Kondratieva²,

Kardashevskaia³

2020

Minerals

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“…The Oleninskoe Au-Ag deposit is located at the northwestern thinning of the Oleny Ridge amphibolite strata (Figure 1) in a shear zone of northwest strike [37][38][39]. The amphibolite and high-alumina metasedimentary schist host numerous granite porphyry sills with a thickness of 0.1-6.0 m (Figures 9 and 10).…”

Section: The Oleninskoe Au-ag Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyry-Related Metamorphosed Au-Ag and Cu-Mo Deposits in the Precambrian of the Fennoscandian Shield

Kalinin

Kudryashov

2021

Minerals

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The Pellapahk Cu-Mo and Oleninskoe Au-Ag deposits in the western segment of the Russian Arctic in the Kolmozero–Voronya greenstone belt are considered two parts of an Archean (2.83–2.82 Ga) porphyry-epithermal system, probably the oldest one defined in the Fennoscandian Shield. Formation of the Oleninskoe Au-Ag deposit at the epithermal stage of the system is indicated by the spatial and genetic relationships with the sills of granite porphyry, the geochemical association of ore elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Sb, As), an Au/Ag ratio of <0.2, and the multiplicity of silver mineralization with different Ag, Cu, Pb, Sb sulfosalts. The geological–structural characteristics of the Oleninskoe and the Pellapahk, i.e., their location in a shear zone, the morphology and size of ore bodies, the scale of the deposits, and the intensity and zoning of rock alteration, do not oppose this model. Mineralized rocks of the Pellapahk Cu-Mo and Oleninskoe Au-Ag deposits were amphibolite metamorphosed in the Neoarchean and again in the Paleoproterozoic. Structures of sulfide melt crystallization formed in the ores during metamorphism, those are fine intergrowths of galena, argentotetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, pyrrhotite, ullmannite, stutzite, and other mineral phases of low-melting-point metals such as Ag, Cu, Pb, Sb, As, Bi.

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“…The fineness of the placer gold core corresponds to the fineness of the ore bodies [6]. Substantially, the average fineness increases with the ablation range and its rolling extent growth, which is also due to formation of a fine corrosive sheath in the crust of weathering [4,7].Mineral micro-inclusions preserved in the core of placer gold are essential indicators that characterize the mineral type of its ore body [3]. The detailed study of these inclusions is particularly reverent for potential gold-bearing regions, where gold deposits are yet to be found.Presently, two potential gold-bearing placer manifestations (Borosku Unguokhtakh and Ulakhan Khaptasynnak creeks) have been identified in the north-east of the Anabar shield, where search and evaluation work is in progress.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Typomorphic Features of Placer Gold from the Billyakh Tectonic Melange Zone of the Anabar Shield and Its Potential Ore Sources (Northeastern Siberian Platform)

2020

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Precambrian shields and outcropped Precambrian rock complexes in the Arctic may serve as the most important sources of various types of mineral raw materials, including gold. The gold potential of the Anabar shield in the territory of Siberia has, thus far, been poorly studied. A number of primary and placer gold occurrences have been discovered there, but criteria for the prediction of and search for gold mineralization remain unclear. The main purpose of this paper was to study the typomorphic features of placer gold in the central part of the Billyakh tectonic mélange zone in the Anabar shield and to compare them to mineralization from primary sources. To achieve this, we utilized common methods for mineralogical, petrographic, and mineragraphic analyses. Additionally, geochemical data were used. As a result of this investigation, important prospecting guides were identified, and essential criteria for the prediction of and search for gold deposits were elucidated. The characteristics of the studied placer gold were specific for gold derived from a proximal provenance. These characteristics included the poor roundness of the native gold grains, a cloddy–angular and dendritic form, an uneven surface, and a high content of coarse-fraction native gold (0.5–2 mm), which was as high as 24% of the volume of analyzed native gold. In addition, we conducted a study on the mineralogical features of the gold-sulfide mineralization that was disseminated throughout a small exposure area of paleo-Proterozoic para- and orthogneisses in the Anabar shield basement. A comparison of mineral inclusions in the coarse-fraction native gold and mineral assemblages in the ore deposits showed that one of the possible primary sources for placer gold might be small bodies of metasomatically altered orthogneisses associated with large granitoid plutons.

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Mustard Gold in the Oleninskoe Gold Deposit, Kolmozero–Voronya Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Characteristics of Supergene Gold of Karst Cavities of the Khokhoy Gold Ore Field (Aldan Shield, East Russia)

Characteristics of Supergene Gold of Karst Cavities of the Khokhoy Gold Ore Field (Aldan Shield, East Russia)

Porphyry-Related Metamorphosed Au-Ag and Cu-Mo Deposits in the Precambrian of the Fennoscandian Shield

Typomorphic Features of Placer Gold from the Billyakh Tectonic Melange Zone of the Anabar Shield and Its Potential Ore Sources (Northeastern Siberian Platform)

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