Typomorphic Features of Placer Gold from the Billyakh Tectonic Melange Zone of the Anabar Shield and Its Potential Ore Sources (Northeastern Siberian Platform)

Abstract

Precambrian shields and outcropped Precambrian rock complexes in the Arctic may serve as the most important sources of various types of mineral raw materials, including gold. The gold potential of the Anabar shield in the territory of Siberia has, thus far, been poorly studied. A number of primary and placer gold occurrences have been discovered there, but criteria for the prediction of and search for gold mineralization remain unclear. The main purpose of this paper was to study the typomorphic features of placer gold in the central part of the Billyakh tectonic mélange zone in the Anabar shield and to compare them to mineralization from primary sources. To achieve this, we utilized common methods for mineralogical, petrographic, and mineragraphic analyses. Additionally, geochemical data were used. As a result of this investigation, important prospecting guides were identified, and essential criteria for the prediction of and search for gold deposits were elucidated. The characteristics of the studied placer gold were specific for gold derived from a proximal provenance. These characteristics included the poor roundness of the native gold grains, a cloddy–angular and dendritic form, an uneven surface, and a high content of coarse-fraction native gold (0.5–2 mm), which was as high as 24% of the volume of analyzed native gold. In addition, we conducted a study on the mineralogical features of the gold-sulfide mineralization that was disseminated throughout a small exposure area of paleo-Proterozoic para- and orthogneisses in the Anabar shield basement. A comparison of mineral inclusions in the coarse-fraction native gold and mineral assemblages in the ore deposits showed that one of the possible primary sources for placer gold might be small bodies of metasomatically altered orthogneisses associated with large granitoid plutons.

Statistical Models of the Distribution of Chemical Elements in Precambrian Rocks of the Siberian Craton

“…Gold in Precambrian rocks of the northern margin of the craton is associated with granitoids and potassium feldspar [15]. The line drawn through K 2 O, Au, and Hg ( Figure 3E) reflects the features of this type mineralization ( Figure 4B,C).…”

Typomorphic Features and Source of Native Gold from the Sykhoi Log Area Placer Deposits, Bodaibo Gold-Bearing District, Siberia, Russia

“…Studies of the morphology, chemical composition and mineral inclusions of gold grains have been widely used in gold exploration [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”