Mussel-Inspired Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Coating of Titanium Alloy with Antibacterial and Bioactive Properties

Abstract

Infection-related titanium implant failure rates remain exceedingly high in the clinic. Functional surface coating represents a very promising strategy to improve the antibacterial and bioactive properties of titanium alloy implants. Here, we describe a novel bioactive surface coating that consists of a mussel-inspired carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the bioactive properties of the titanium alloy. The preparation of hydrogel is based on gallic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS-GA) catalyzed by DMTMM (4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride). To build a firm bonding between the hydrogel and titanium alloy plate, a polydopamine layer was introduced onto the surface of the titanium alloy. With HRP/H2O2 catalysis, CMCS-GA can simply form a firm gel layer on the titanium alloy plate through the catechol groups. The surface properties of titanium alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle. Silver nanoparticles were loaded into the gel layer by in situ reduction to enhance the antibacterial properties. In vitro antibacterial and cell viability experiments showed that the AgNPs-loaded Ti-gel possesses excellent antibacterial properties and did not affect the proliferation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Preparation of fluorinated chitosan‐based multifunctional materials with rapid hemostasis, anti‐infection, and non‐adhesive properties for wounds

“…The synthesized CMC‐FDA products were analyzed using FT‐IR and NMR. As shown in Figure 1, the CMC‐FDA peaks of OH, NH, CO, and CO were observed at 3433, 1610, 1151, and 1738 cm −1 28 . After grafting the FDA, peak at 1205 cm −1 corresponding to CF vibration was observed.…”

“…As shown in Figure 1, the CMC-FDA peaks of O H, N H, C O, and C O were observed at 3433, 1610, 1151, and 1738 cm À1 . 28 After grafting the FDA, peak at 1205 cm À1 corresponding to C F vibration was observed. The chemical composition of the CMC-FDA was investigated through the 1 H NMR (Figure 2A).…”

Biofunctionalization of 3D Printed Porous Tantalum Using a Vancomycin–Carboxymethyl Chitosan Composite Coating to Improve Osteogenesis and Antibiofilm Properties

“…45 In terms of modification of metal implants, studies have been carried out to provide sites for CCS adsorption by polydopamine modification or amination on the surface of titanium, thus forming antibacterial coatings. 42,46 Perhaps for tantalum's relatively stable chemical properties, there are no reports on pTa with CCS coating. The CCS coating which we fabricated on the pTa surface showed excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties.…”

“…In order to improve the antibacterial ability of porous tantalum, Cui et al developed the Ta–Cu alloy, and Fialho et al coated the surface of scaffolds with zinc oxide by magnetron sputtering . However, the improvement of antibacterial ability of scaffolds through sustained release of metal ions requires a balance between antibacterial performance and biocompatibility, , and the potential biological toxicity of metal ions is a key factor hindering the clinical transformation of modified material. , Our former research mixed antibiotics into gellan gum and covered pTa scaffolds with hydrogel physically, so as to achieve antibacterial performance of porous tantalum-loaded antibiotics. However, the physical bonding of hydrogel on the surface of scaffold seriously affected the original pore structure of pTa, which was not conducive to the early growth of bone tissue .…”

“…Carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) has been widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and material modification due to its better water solubility, antibacterial ability, and biocompatibility than chitosan . In terms of modification of metal implants, studies have been carried out to provide sites for CCS adsorption by polydopamine modification or amination on the surface of titanium, thus forming antibacterial coatings. , Perhaps for tantalum’s relatively stable chemical properties, there are no reports on pTa with CCS coating. The CCS coating which we fabricated on the pTa surface showed excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties.…”