Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogels Based on Laponite-Confined Dopamine Polymerization as a Transdermal Patch

Abstract

Transdermal patch for local drug delivery has attained huge attention as an attractive alternative to existing drug delivery techniques as it is painless and user-friendly. However, most adhesive hydrogels either do not have adequate adhesion with the skin or cause discomfort while being removed from the skin surface due to excessive adhesion. To address this challenge, we developed an adhesive hydrogel based on laponite-confined dopamine polymerization as a transdermal patch. Laponite RDS nanoclay was used to control the hydrogel's viscous behavior and dopamine polymerization. The laponite polymerized polydopamine (l-PDA) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to make the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel. The laponite-confined polymerization improved the hydrogels' water contact angle and adhesion strength. The adhesion strength of the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel was adequate to adhere to the evaluated goat skin, glass, and polypropylene surfaces. Notably, the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel was easy to peel off from the skin. Further, we evaluated the drug release profile in goat skin using lidocaine as a model drug. We observed the controlled release of lidocaine from the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel compared to the PVA-PDA hydrogel. In addition, the nanoclay-confined adhesive hydrogel did not show any cytotoxic effect in fibroblasts. Altogether, PVA-l-PDA hydrogels offer appropriate adhesive strength, toughness, and biocompatibility. Thus, the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel has the potential to be an efficient transdermal patch.

Gelatine–collagen photo-crosslinkable 3D matrixes for skin regeneration

“…However, these polymers lack cell adhesion motifs like ArginylGlycylAspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD) and, therefore, need additional chemical modifications. 17 While most of these polymers are biocompatible, they are not bioactive in the skin, a characteristic seen in collagen and gelatine hydrogels. In a recent study, a combination of silk glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and GelMA was explored to simultaneously enhance the stability and the tensile strength of the matrix and preserve cell adhesion motifs.…”

“…3D (Bio)printing techniques that are used in skin regeneration were recently reviewed. 17,19 Here, TPP produced a GelMA that mimicked the dermalepidermal junction, achieving a remarkable 3D spatial resolution. Our TPP protocol allowed us to modulate the voxel density, essential for controlling the matrix microstructures.…”

“…This should result in a more homogeneous crosslinking and achieve higher cell compatibility and wider application prospects, including the use of bioink materials in tissue engineering. [17][18][19] GelMA-collagen matrixes can be easily transformed into smart matrixes, including bio-optical sensors for monitoring inflammation and wound healing processes. 5,20,23 Smart wound dressings help distinguish between wounds with transient or chronic inflammation, which often occur in diabetes.…”

Smart Organogels with Antiswelling, Strong Adhesion, and Freeze-Tolerance for Multi-Environmental Wearable Bioelectronic Devices

“…The FTIR spectrum revealed characteristic absorbance peaks at 634, 972, and 1639 cm −1 associated with the vibration of Mg−O, Si−O bond stretching, and −OH bending of LAPONITE, which shifted to 644, 958, and 1629 cm −1 in the spectrum of PDA/ LAPONITE. This indicated the interaction between PDA and nanoclay 38 (Figure S1A). The color change of the solution from colorless to black indicates the oxidation of o-quinone groups, confirming the polymerization of DA 39 (Figure S1B).…”

Recent Advances of Natural-Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wound Antibacterial Therapeutics

“…Polydopamine (PDA) is an important natural melanin analog produced by dopamine autoxidation, which is easy to prepare and has good photostability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The dynamic bonds based on catechol groups in PDA are self-healing and can be easily broken, making the hydrogel tough and stretchable [ 75 ]. PDA can mimic mussels to produce highly viscous hydrogels.…”