Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. exhibit anticancer activity against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing mice via alterations of redox-homeostasis and apoptotic genes expression

Abstract

Background Mussaenda macrophylla is a shrub widely used in Mizo traditional practice for treatment of cancer, fever, cough, ulcer and dysentery. We have previously shown the antioxidant nature of the plant. In this study, we explore the anticancer activity of the aqueous extract of M. macrophylla (MMAE) using Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing mice as our model. Results MMAE significantly inhibited the tumor growth and increased the survival time of the tumor bearing DLA mice. MMAE significantly increased the glutathione (GSH) levels; and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Consistently, MMAE decreased lipid peroxidation levels in DLA mice. Reduced RBC and hemoglobin levels were significantly reversed by MMAE treatment. MMAE also lowers the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (CRE) levels that were otherwise elevated in the DLA control animals. Induction of DNA damage, up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes in DLA bearing mice following MMAE treatment provide an insight into apoptosis based anticancer activities of M. macrophylla. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the role of the aqueous extract of M. macrophylla as a potential anticancer agent possibly targeting the apoptotic pathway. Graphical Abstract

In vitro Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Potential of the Sprout of Borassus flabellifer L. Extract

“…The extract efficiently removed the light-scavenging radical scavenger ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) 34 . Fig.…”

Methanolic Extract of Mallotus roxburghianus Muell. Exhibit Anti-Cancer Activity against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing Mice via Alterations of Apoptotic Genes E xpression and Redox-Homeostasis

“…Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured using the previously described method (9) . GSH was measured by its reaction with DTNB in Ellman's reaction to give a compound that absorbs light at 412 nm.…”

“…Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) was measured using previously described method (9) . Briefly, 20 mM CDNB (50 µl) was mixed with 0.1M phosphate buffer (850 µl, pH 6.5) and incubated at 37 • C for 10 min.…”

Blockade of phosphodiesterase 5 by sildenafil reduces tumor growth and potentiates tumor‐killing ability of cisplatin in vivo against T cell lymphoma: Implication of modulated apoptosis, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and pH regulation

“…The DL is a transplantable murine T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin, 25 which has been extensively used to determine the antineoplastic and chemosensitizing action of several synthetic and plant-derived chemicals [26][27][28][29] and for delineating the host-tumor relationship. [30][31][32] The present study investigates the tumor growth retarding and survival prolonging effect of SDF in DL-bearing murine hosts. The study also reports that SDF can potentiate cisplatin's tumor growth inhibitory action, a commonly used best-choice anticancer therapeutic agent 33 but with enormous side effects.…”

“…Given the facts considered above, the present study was planned to understand the tumor growth decelerating and chemosensitizing action of SDF in a murine model of T cell lymphoma designated as Dalton's lymphoma (DL). The DL is a transplantable murine T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin, 25 which has been extensively used to determine the antineoplastic and chemosensitizing action of several synthetic and plant‐derived chemicals 26–29 and for delineating the host‐tumor relationship 30–32 …”