Music in medicine: An overview

Abstract

Music in medicine is in use in various medical areas like neurological disorders, developmental abnormalities, psychiatric disorders, addictive disorders, terminal disorders, etc besides perioperative care. Music in perioperative care is aimed at reducing anxiety, stress, and fear besides decreasing postoperative pain. The authors (first two) have experience in the use of pre-recorded music medicine in perioperative patient care. Preoperative music is mainly used to reduce patients’ anxiety, stress, and fear. The use of intraoperative music is controversial in surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Postoperative music, in general, is beneficial for pain management. This write-up provides an overview of published information on music in medicine, including historical and in particular perioperative care in anesthesia practice including use in cesarean section delivery. We searched PubMed and PubMed Central besides google search on “music in medicine” up to March 2022. There was no language restriction. Almost all present studies were conducted by listening to pre-recorded music, mostly via headphones. This work indicates that music in medicine, in particular music therapy, has been in use since ancient times (before the common era) and is presently incorporated intermittently in perioperative care. Music in medicine may have a beneficial effect on perioperative care. Music is inexpensive, easily administered, and without adverse effects, and can serve as a complement for reducing perioperative stress and pain besides its beneficial effects on cardiovascular & respiratory systems. Therefore, we conclude that music interventions may provide a viable adjunct to perioperative care. However, music in medicine is still an important research area and needs more properly conducted research before introduction into routine practice.

The Genetic and Genomic Landscape of Human Reproductive Disorders: An Overview with Our Experience

“…These newer techniques can be applied throughout the cell cycle in non-dividing, gamete, dead, and fixed cells. [5][6][7] High sensitivity, specificity, speed, and the ability to provide information even on a single cell have made these newer molecular approaches a powerful tool in modern reproductive genetics and genomics. 8 Genome approaches used widely are conventional cytogenetics, SKY FISH/M FISH, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), PRINS (primed in-situ synthesis/labeling), array CGH (aCGH)/SNP microarray, next generation sequencing (NGS), etc.…”

“…8 Genome approaches used widely are conventional cytogenetics, SKY FISH/M FISH, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), PRINS (primed in-situ synthesis/labeling), array CGH (aCGH)/SNP microarray, next generation sequencing (NGS), etc. [3][4][5]9,10 CGH is a molecular technique that allows comprehensive analysis of all chromosomal imbalances (relative copy number as gains or losses) in the entire genome at cytogenetic resolution by single test without metaphase preparation & cell culture of the test samples. 5,11 The strategy of CGH is based on the co-hybridization of differentially labeled whole genomic tests and control DNA in equal ratios on normal metaphase spread.…”

“…[3][4][5]9,10 CGH is a molecular technique that allows comprehensive analysis of all chromosomal imbalances (relative copy number as gains or losses) in the entire genome at cytogenetic resolution by single test without metaphase preparation & cell culture of the test samples. 5,11 The strategy of CGH is based on the co-hybridization of differentially labeled whole genomic tests and control DNA in equal ratios on normal metaphase spread. If the test DNA contains additional copies of DNA material, hybridization will reveal the higher signal intensity of test DNA at the corresponding target region.…”

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“…Music therapy decreases patient anxiety and improves cardiorespiratory parameters through its effect on the autonomic and central nervous systems 4 . Music can help reduce stress hormones such as cortisol, corticotropin, and catecholamines and can increase serotonin and oxytocin levels, reducing postoperative pain and stress and improving mental health 5 .…”