Mushrooms and agaritine: A mini-review

A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild‐growing and cultivated mushrooms

“…An extremely high level was found in A. elvensis . However, current evidence suggests that the consumption of cultivated A. bisporus poses no risk to healthy humans …”

Chemical profile, agaritine and selenium content of Agaricus bisporus

“…Shi et al, (2002) and Gergely et al (2005). (Wang et al 2007;WU et al 2007;USCDC 2009;UN 2010), which include anticancer agents such as fatty acids poly saccharides, and ergosterol (Takaku et al 2001;Ren et al 2008;Koyyalamudi et al 2009);N,N,N-tris (hydrazinecarbonyl) phosphoric triamide, selenium and vaccenic acid (Shi et al 2002; Sosnovsky and Rao 2004; Gergely et al 2005;De Barros 2008;Mattila et al 2010); antihypercholesterol agents such as fatty acids, glycoproteins, sterols and vaccenic acid (Ey et al 2007;Borchers et al 2008;De Barros 2008); antimicrobial agents such as agaritine and alcohols (Janak, et al 2006;Nagadka, et al 2006;Roupas, et al 2010); anti-cardiovascular disease agents such as fatty acids, sterols and pyran derivative (SCB, 2007(SCB, -2010; human health supporting agent's such as fatty acids, sterols and sugar alcohols (Andersson and Gry 2004;Ji, et al 2006); immune enhancer agents such as fatty acids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides and sterols (UN, 2010);…”

“…It oxidizes rapidly upon storage, however, totally degrades after 48 h in aqueous solution with exposure to air. The degradation of agaritine is affected by many factors, including the amount, heat treatment, preservation, time of storage and the decreases by cooking up to 90% or storage in water (Andersson and Gry 2004;Janak et al 2006;Roupas, et al 2010;WFI 2011 a ). This investigation was designed to study the chemical profiles of the A. bisporus and factors affecting its quality, (nutritional, medicinal, flavoring value).…”

The role of edible mushrooms in health: Evaluation of the evidence

“…While data with a particular marker of oxidative stress showed this effect, a similar experiment with a different marker of oxidative stress did not, thus the authors made these comments based on their results with one particular marker only. In contrast, recent research (Endo et al, 2010) has ascribed anti-tumor activity of agaritine (from mushrooms) against leukemic cells, and a recent review (Roupas et al, 2010) also concluded that agaritine from consumption of cultivated A. bisporus mushrooms poses no known toxicological risk to healthy humans. Another in vivo study demonstrated that crude extracts of A. blazei Murrill significantly reduced DNA damage in liver induced by diethylnitrosamine in adult male Wistar rats , while DNA strand breaking by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt from A. bisporus has been reported in the mouse (Hiramoto, Kaku, Kato, & Kikugawa, 1995).…”

“…Agaritine, a naturally occurring phenylhydrazine derivative present in Agaricus mushroom species, had been described as potentially carcinogenic in some studies, although the scientific validity of the experimental designs and rat models from which this conclusion was drawn have now been challenged. These newer studies, animal models, and human food safety studies with Agaricus mushrooms have been evaluated recently with the conclusion that agaritine from consumption of cultivated A. bisporus mushrooms poses no known toxicological risk to healthy humans (Roupas, Keogh, Noakes, Margetts, & Taylor, 2010). Extracts from A.…”