Musgravites from Sri Lanka

Schmetzer, Karl; Kiefert, Lore; Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen; Burford, Murray

doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2005/0021

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The two bluish greenish grey musgravites (chemical properties see Table II, samples I and J) show the same type of spectrum although the 629 nm absorption band is even stronger and there is an additional maximum at 600 nm ( Figure 10, sample I). Very similar spectra (Schmetzer, unpublished data) with an intense 629 nm absorption have been observed in two yellowish greenish grey and blue-green musgravites from Sri Lanka described recently (Schmetzer et al, 2005d).…”

Section: Spectroscopic Properties and Cause Of Coloursupporting

confidence: 72%

“…General overviews of taaffeite and musgravite occurrences in different host rocks have been given by Grew (2002), Aleksandrov and Senin (2002) and Schmetzer et al (2005d). Phase relationships in the BeO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 system, especially of the pseudobinary system chrysoberyl (BeAl 2 O 4 ) -spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ), are given by Franz and Morteani (2002).…”

Section: Origin Of Taaffeites and Musgravites From Africa And Sri Lankamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A description of pearl farming with Pinctada maxima in South East Asia

Hänni¹

2007

Journ of Gemm

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This reports on a modern pearl farm in South East Asia which uses Pinctada maxima oysters. Marine biologists and geneticists supervise the pearling process. Culturing oysters from fertilized eggs has generally replaced wild oyster collection. In hatcheries larvae and spat are reared under scientifically controlled conditions. After around two years the oysters are about 12 cm in size and ready for the operation. Careful selection of donor oysters for the tissue graft and of host oysters to grow the pearls ensures optimum conditions for pearl formation. Excellent environmental conditions are sought to grow pearls of superior quality. High standards of working hygiene, X-ray checks and regular and frequent cleaning of the oysters and the holding nets are further steps to ensure high quality. Almost four years from the hatching of the larvae, the oysters are ready for a first pearl harvest. Most of the oysters are not re-beaded, and their muscle flesh is processed as seafood and the shells utilized for their nacre. The pearls are graded for quality and marketed mainly in Australia.

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Section: Spectroscopic Properties and Cause Of Coloursupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Origin Of Taaffeites and Musgravites From Africa And Sri Lankamentioning

confidence: 99%

A description of pearl farming with Pinctada maxima in South East Asia

Hänni¹

2007

Journ of Gemm

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“…Water molecules, through the OH stretching modes, are powerful probes to investigate the presence of alkali ions in the beryl channels. It is known that bands centered at about 3608 and 3598 cm −1 belong to water type I (without alkali nearby) and water type II (with alkali nearby), respectively . The real position of the bands may vary by only a few cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that bands centered at about 3608 and 3598 cm À1 belong to water type I (without alkali nearby) and water type II (with alkali nearby), respectively. [10,11,28,32,33] The real position of the bands may vary by only a few cm À1 . No Raman bands are expected in this spectral region for the flux grown synthetic crystals, being formed in the absence of water.…”

Section: Natural Versus Syntheticgenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of emeralds by micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Bersani

Azzi

Lambruschi

et al. 2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In recent years, the use of Raman spectroscopy as a gemological tool has largely increased, in particular in the conservation science field where a non-destructive and contactless identification is required. In this work, we show the large amount of information which is possible to obtain with Raman analysis on one of the most important gems, emerald, the green variety of beryl. In particular, 14 not certified faceted emeralds have been studied by means of a standard micro-Raman spectrometer, allowing also the identification of some fakes (garnet, glass, and quartz). All the emerald gems have been fully characterized from the vibrational point of view. In particular, the high frequency spectrum, in the OH region, has been exploited to estimate the amount of alkali ions present in the channels of the crystalline structure. In addition, solid and fluid inclusions have been identified and were useful to hypothesize the provenance of the mineral. The shape and position of the characteristic laser-induced luminescence of chromium ions have helped to better define the origin of the gems

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“…Luminescence of V is not very efficient, in comparison to that of Cr 3+ , but clearly interpreted. The contribution of V to the absorption spectrum is not easy to evaluate quantitatively, as pointed out in the mineralogical literature [12,13], since the absorption of V 3+ and Cr 3+ strongly overlap. For reasons of completeness, we also reconsidered the attribution of the band at 14500 cm -1 , proposed in ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%