Muscle wasting in ageing and chronic illness

Ebner, Nicole; Sliziuk, Veronika; Scherbakov, Nadja; Sandek, Anja

doi:10.1002/ehf2.12033

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…So far, there are only limited treatment options for sarcopenic patients, which include (resistance) exercise, nutritional strategies to increase intake of proteins and micronutrients and finally, drug treatment, including compounds like testosterone, growth hormone and IGF‐1 …”

Section: Sarcopenia In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

2017

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Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and muscle function) is a strong predictor of frailty, disability and mortality in older persons and may also occur in obese subjects. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. However, there are currently few therapy options. The main intervention is resistance exercise, either alone or in combination with nutritional support, which seems to enhance the beneficial effects of training. Also, testosterone has been shown to increased muscle power and function; however, a possible limitation is the side effects of testosterone. Other investigational drugs include selective androgen receptor modulators, growth hormone, IGF‐1, compounds targeting myostatin signaling, which have their own set of side effects. There are abundant prospective targets for improving muscle function in the elderly with or without chronic heart failure, and the continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia makes this field an exciting one.

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Section: Sarcopenia In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

2017

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“…Furthermore, not only changes in limb musculature but changes in inspiratory muscles might account for lower exercise capacity in the elderly [12]. Exercise intensity also influences muscle changes.…”

Section: Physical Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, results of interventions are inconsistent and it is unknown whether specific nutritional therapy alone can reverse muscle loss [12]. Therefore, randomized studies analyzing the effects of nutrition interventions are needed to establish specific recommendations on nutritional support [124].…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle aging: influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise

et al. 2017

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Skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly. Sarcopenia is the main alteration occurring during senescence and a key public health issue as it predicts frailty, poor quality of life, and mortality. Several factors such as reduced physical activity, hormonal changes, insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, appetite loss, and nutritional deficiencies are involved in the physiopathology of muscle changes. Sarcopenia is characterized by structural, biochemical, molecular and functional muscle changes. An imbalance between anabolic and catabolic intracellular signaling pathways and an increase in oxidative stress both play important roles in muscle abnormalities. Currently, despite the discovery of new targets and development of new drugs, nonpharmacological therapies such as physical exercise and nutritional support are considered the basis for prevention and treatment of age-associated muscle abnormalities. There has been an increase in information on signaling pathways beneficially modulated by exercise; nonetheless, studies are needed to establish the best type, intensity, and frequency of exercise to prevent or treat age-induced skeletal muscle alterations.

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“…Among patients with cachexia, or at risk of developing it, we urgently need treatments that will enhance muscle mass or at least slow its depletion, maintain body weight, improve strength, enhance the capacity for independent functioning, reduce frailty, and prolong survival . Given the high prevalence and very high mortality associated with cachexia, advances are urgently needed for patients worldwide.…”

Section: Estimates For the Prevalence Of Cachexia In Several Chronic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in chronic illness in Europe, USA, and Japan: facts and numbers update 2016

Haehling

Anker

2016

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

230

196

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Cachexia is a serious clinical consequence of almost all chronic diseases when reaching advanced stages. Its prevalence ranges from 5–15% in end‐stage chronic heart failure to 50–80% in advanced malignant cancer. Cachexia is also frequently occurring in patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or neurological diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Mortality rates of patients with cachexia range from 15–25% per year in severe COPD through 20–40% per year in patients with chronic heart failure or chronic kidney disease to 20–80% in cancer cachexia. In the industrialized world (North America, Europe, and Japan) where epidemiological data are to some degree available, the overall prevalence of cachexia (due to any disease and not necessarily associated with hospital admission) is growing with the growth of the chronic illness prevalence, and it currently affects around 0.5–1.0% of the population, i.e. around 6–12 million people. From this, one can estimate that 1.5–2 million deaths are occurring in patients with cachexia per year. It is also a very significant health problem in other parts of the globe, but epidemiological data are scarce. The multifactorial nature of cachexia is now much better understood, and particularly, the role of inflammatory mediators and the imbalance of anabolism and catabolism are considered important therapeutic targets. Several approaches to develop cachexia and muscle wasting treatments have failed to be successful in phase III clinical trials, but new approaches are in development. Given the high prevalence and very high mortality associated with cachexia, advances are urgently needed for patients worldwide.

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Muscle wasting in ageing and chronic illness

Cited by 47 publications

References 76 publications

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

Skeletal muscle aging: influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise

Prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in chronic illness in Europe, USA, and Japan: facts and numbers update 2016

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