Muscle strength in young children perinatally infected with HIV who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy early

Potterton, Joanne; Strehlau, Renate; Shiau, Stephanie; Comley-White, Nicolette; Kuhn, Louise; Arpadi, Stephen M.

doi:10.7196/sajch.2021.v15i2.01809

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, another study carried out in Johannesburg, SA, on children perinatally infected with HIV showed that 12% of the participants were underweight and 16% of the participants were stunted for their age (Potterton et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Children living with HIV have been widely shown to be at risk of poor growth outcomes (Brassel & Potterton 2019 ). Similarly, another study carried out in Johannesburg, SA, on children perinatally infected with HIV showed that 12% of the participants were underweight and 16% of the participants were stunted for their age (Potterton et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This could be because of the fact that all motor functions require an adequate amount of muscle strength in order to complete them. The authors know from previous studies carried out (Humphries, Potterton & Mudzi 2014 ; Potterton et al 2021 ) that muscle strength is greatly affected in children with HIV, unless their viral loads are adequately controlled. As the participants in our study were not all virally suppressed, the lower scores in the SBJT, muscle strength, could thus be one of the contributing factors as to why the MABC-2 showed so many of the participants to be delayed.…”

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle weakness and myopathy are other known effects of HIV and may be because of the abnormal protein metabolism, malabsorption and depleted protein reserves (Potterton et al 2021 ). However, if HIV is well controlled with early use of ART and lower viral loads, children infected with HIV have comparable muscle strength to children without HIV in the same age category (Potterton et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor function, muscle strength and health-related quality of life of children perinatally infected with HIV

Rego

Potterton

2022

South African Journal of Physiotherapy

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Background: Gross motor delays are common in infants and preschool children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These delays persist in children of school-going age and may affect participation in classroom and playground activities; however, the extent of the problem is poorly understood in this age group.Objectives: Our study aimed to determine the motor function, muscle strength and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children aged 5–10 years who were perinatally infected with HIV.Methods: In our cross-sectional study, participants were recruited using convenience sampling from a Gauteng HIV clinic. Participants were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2), standing broad jump test (SBJT), Paediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQL) and a sociodemographic questionnaire.Results: Thirty children participated in our study. The MABC-2 showed 60% of the children assessed were either at risk of developmental delay or were already delayed, with the domain of manual dexterity being most affected. The SBJT showed female participants had weaker muscle strength than males. The mean total score on the PedsQL was 81%, with the subscales ranging from very high quality of life scores to moderately high quality of life scores, with emotional functioning having one of the lower overall scores.Conclusion: Children who have been perinatally infected with HIV are at significant risk of delayed motor function. Muscle strength is also an area of concern, as is emotional HRQoL. Further research and implementation of holistic rehabilitation programmes are needed.Clinical implications: Children with HIV need to be prioritised for developmental screening throughout childhood. Health promotion and early intervention need to be at the forefront of our fight against this pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor function, muscle strength and health-related quality of life of children perinatally infected with HIV

Rego

Potterton

2022

South African Journal of Physiotherapy

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“…A larger cross-sectional study ( n = 346) from South Africa found no differences in grip strength between 5 and 11-year-old children with and without HIV; however, this may be explained by early ART initiation (at mean 8.7 months). [37]. In the UK, peak grip strength is reached between age 26 and 42 years, reaching 31 and 51 kg on average in girls and boys, respectively [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal HIV infection is associated with deficits in muscle function in children and adolescents in Zimbabwe

Gregson,

Rehman,

Rukuni

et al. 2023

Aids

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Objectives: :To determine how muscle strength, power, mass, and density (i.e. quality) differ between children living with HIV (CWH) and those uninfected, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) regime is associated with muscle quality. Design: :A cross-sectional study in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods: :The study recruited CWH aged 8–16years, taking ART for ≥2years, from HIV clinics, and HIV-uninfected children from local schools. Muscle outcomes comprised grip strength measured by hand-held Jamar dynamometer, lower-limb power measured by standing long-jump distance, lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle density (reflecting intramuscular fat) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Linear regression calculated adjusted mean differences (aMD) by HIV status. Results: :Overall, 303 CWH and 306 without HIV, had mean(SD) age 12.5(2.5) years, BMI 17.5(2.8), with 50% female. Height and fat mass were lower in CWH, mean differences(SE) 7.4(1.1)cm and 2.7(0.4)kgs, respectively. Male CWH had lower grip strength (aMD 2.5[1.1,3.9]kg, P < 0.001), long-jump distance (7.1[1.8,12.5]cm, P = 0.006), muscle density (0.58[0.12,1.05]mg/cm3, P = 0.018, but not lean mass 0.06[-1.08,1.21]kg, P = 0.891) versus boys without HIV; differences were consistent but smaller in females. Mediation analysis suggested the negative effect of HIV on jumping power in males was partially mediated by muscle density (P = 0.032). CWH taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) had lower muscle density (0.56[0.00,1.13]mg/cm3, P = 0.049) independent of fat mass, than CWH on other ART. Conclusions: :Perinatally-acquired HIV is associated, particularly in males, with reduced upper and lower-limb muscle function, not mass. Intra-muscular fat (poorer muscle quality) partially explained reductions in lower-limb function. TDF is a novel risk factor for impaired muscle quality.

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Physical functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV

2023

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Muscle strength in young children perinatally infected with HIV who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy early

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Motor function, muscle strength and health-related quality of life of children perinatally infected with HIV

Motor function, muscle strength and health-related quality of life of children perinatally infected with HIV

Perinatal HIV infection is associated with deficits in muscle function in children and adolescents in Zimbabwe

Physical functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV

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