Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training

Abstract

Our purpose was to examine the effects of sprint interval training on muscle glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity and exercise performance. Twelve healthy men (22 +/- 2 yr of age) underwent intense interval training on a cycle ergometer for 7 wk. Training consisted of 30-s maximum sprint efforts (Wingate protocol) interspersed by 2-4 min of recovery, performed three times per week. The program began with four intervals with 4 min of recovery per session in week 1 and progressed to 10 intervals with 2.5 min of recovery per session by week 7. Peak power output and total work over repeated maximal 30-s efforts and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were measured before and after the training program. Needle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis of nine subjects before and after the program and assayed for the maximal activity of hexokinase, total glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The training program resulted in significant increases in peak power output, total work over 30 s, and VO2 max. Maximal enzyme activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher after training. It was concluded that relatively brief but intense sprint training can result in an increase in both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, maximum short-term power output, and VO2 max.

Heart Rate Responses During Small-Sided Games and Short Intermittent Running Training in Elite Soccer Players: A Comparative Study

“…The present study showed that the 15-15-s intermittent exercise at a lower intensity, i.e., 100% _ VO 2 max, was insufficient to induce a high HR response, showing the importance of the choice of exercise intensity in intermittent training. These results confirm the fact that the development of _ VO 2 max requires an exercise intensity higher than 100% of _ VO 2 max when short-duration intermittent running is considered (22,31,36).…”

The effect of high-intensity cycling training on postural sway during standing under rested and fatigued conditions in healthy young adults

“…Several studies have reported that 6-7 weeks of high-intensity training elicit significant improvements in V O2PEAK (MacDougall et al 1998;Rodas, Ventura and Cadefau 2000;Tabata et al 1996). Following 6 weeks of HIT, our participant's relative WPEAK and V O2PEAK improved by 14 ± 11 % and 12 ± 10%, respectively.…”

“…High-intensity training (HIT) at high power outputs (150 -300 % V O2PEAK) over ~6 weeks produce similar results to those reported following a comparable duration of moderate intensity endurance training (MacDougall et al 1998). A series of studies have shown that as few as six HIT sessions in 2 weeks increased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, reflected by the maximal activity and/or protein content of mitochondrial enzymes (Burgomaster et al 2005;2008;Gibala et al 2006;Talanian et al 2007).…”

“…Nonetheless, the training intensity, frequency and duration in our study were adequate to elicit increases in WPEAK for both training groups. MacDougall et al (1998) also reported significant increases in peak power output following 7-weeks of repeated sprint training. The authors also reported increases in oxidative and glycolytic enzymes, leading to suggestions that improved peak power output may have been due to increased maximal glycolytic enzyme activity and Na + -K + pump activity.…”

Entrenamiento en hipoxia intermitente y rendimiento ciclista en triatletas / Intermittent hypoxic training and cycling performance in triathletes

“…Por último, también existen diferencias en los resultados en función del nivel de experiencia y deportivo de la muestra de estudio. De este modo los entrenamientos realizados sobre sujetos con poca experiencia o con un nivel bajo han conseguido mejoras superiores a las obtenidas en deportistas de alto rendimiento (Macdougall et al, 1998).…”