Muscle Injury Management with Cryotherapy

Knight, Kenneth L.; Brucker, Jody B.; Stoneman, Paul D.; Rubley, Mack D.

doi:10.1123/att.5.4.26

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The contribution of ice therapy in the relief of pain in this study was supported by the study of Bleakley et al [29] In addition, Knight and Knight et al, reported that cryotherapy may be most effective when combined with exercise. [30,31] Adequate cooling can reduce pain, spasm, and neural inhibition, thereby allowing for earlier and more aggressive exercises. Algafly and George, concluded in their study that cryotherapy can increase pain tolerance, pain threshold and decrease nerve conduction velocity, the mechanism by which cryotherapy achieves its clinical goal of relieving pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Cervical Traction in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Control Trial

Ojoawo¹,

Olabode²,

Esan³

et al. 2013

Rwanda J. Health Sci

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Background: Severe pain and disability from cervical disorder is second to that of low back pain in musculoskeletal practice. Methods: Forty eight patients who met the inclusion criteria were placed into experimental (n=24) and control (n=24) group randomly. Participants in both groups received massage, cryotherapy and active exercises. Cervical traction was administered to experimental group for 15 minutes, thrice per week for four weeks while the other group served as control. Verbal rating scale (VRS) and Neck Disability Pain Index (NDI) were used as outcome measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive, dependent -t-test and independent-t-test. Results: There was a significant improvement in the pretreatment and post treatment pain intensity (t=10.75, p< 0.001) and neck functional disability (t=2.42, p=0.03) of participants in experimental group. There was a significant difference (t=-3.98, p=0.006) in the post treatment pain intensity between the cervical traction and control group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that application of continuous cervical traction can significantly reduce pain intensity of patients with cervical radiculopathy. AbstractKey words: Cervical traction, cryotherapy, neck disability index, and verbal rating scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Cervical Traction in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Control Trial

Ojoawo¹,

Olabode²,

Esan³

et al. 2013

Rwanda J. Health Sci

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“…The independent variable compression type consisted of no compression, Flex-i-Wrap, and elastic wrap, and the independent variable time consisted of 0, 5,10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,70,80, and 90 minutes. The dependent measures of interest were surface temperature and intramuscular temperature 2 cm below the surface.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C ryotherapy, which is the application of cold to an injured area, is a treatment protocol used to manage the magnitude of the inflammatory process, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] blood flow, [10][11][12][13][14] initial swelling, [1][2][3][4][5][6]9,15 secondary injury, 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]16,17 and pain. [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9] Researchers have demonstrated that the application of external compression with cryotherapy greatly decreases both surface and intramuscular temperatures when compared with no compression. 17,18 Historically, elastic wrap has been the most commonly used type of external compression, 1 but Flex-i-Wrap (Cramer Products Inc, Gardner, KS) has become a popular mode of external compression during the past decade.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Magnitude of Tissue Cooling During Cryotherapy With Varied Types of Compression

Tomchuk

Rubley

Holcomb

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Certified athletic trainers can choose different types of external compression (none, Flex-i-Wrap, and elastic wrap) when applying an ice bag to the body. However, which type facilitates the greatest magnitude of tissue cooling is unclear.Objective: To compare the effects of 2 common types of external compression on the magnitude of surface and intramuscular cooling during an ice-bag treatment.Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Fourteen college students (10 women, 4 men; age 5 22.4 6 1.8 years, height 5 169.1 6 8.2 cm, mass 5 73.3 6 18.5 kg, skinfold 5 13.14 6 1.61 mm) with previous cryotherapy experience and a posterior lower leg skinfold equal to or less than 15 mm.Intervention(s): On 3 different days separated by 24 to 48 hours, an ice bag was applied to the posterior lower leg surface of each participant for 30 minutes with no compression, with elastic wrap, or with Flex-i-Wrap.Main Outcome Measure(s): Posterior lower leg surface and intramuscular (2 cm) temperatures were recorded for 95 minutes.Results: At 15 minutes, the elastic wrap produced greater surface temperature reduction than no compression (P 5 .03); this difference remained throughout the protocol (P range, .03 to .04). At 30 minutes, surface temperatures were 14.956C, 11.556C, and 9.496C when an ice bag was applied with no external compression, Flex-i-Wrap, and elastic wrap, respectively. Surface temperatures between Flex-i-Wrap and elastic wrap and between Flex-i-Wrap and no compression were never different. At 10 minutes, Flex-i-Wrap (P 5 .006) and elastic wrap (P , .001) produced greater intramuscular temperature reduction than no compression produced; these differences remained throughout the protocol. At 10 minutes, no compression, Flex-iWrap, and elastic wrap decreased intramuscular temperature by 1.346C, 2.466C, and 2.736C, respectively. At 25 minutes, elastic wrap (8.036C) produced greater temperature reduction than Flexi-Wrap (6.656C) (P 5 .03) or no compression (4.636C) (P , .001 ). These differences remained throughout ice application and until 50 minutes after ice-bag removal.Conclusions: During an ice-bag application, external compression with elastic wrap was more effective than Flex-i-Wrap at reducing intramuscular tissue temperature. Elastic wraps should be used for acute injury care.Key Words: intramuscular temperatures, surface temperatures, insulation Key Points N External compression of an ice bag with an elastic wrap provided greater temperature reduction after a 30-minute treatment than did compression with Flex-i-Wrap. N Intramuscular temperature decreases were different but surface temperature decreases were not different between Flex-iWrap and elastic wrap compression.N Intramuscular temperature was lower with compression than with no compression at 10 minutes and was lower with elastic wrap than with Flex-i-Wrap at 25 minutes.N Compression with elastic wrap demonstrated a higher average atmosphere-interface temperature than the other con...

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“…The mechanisms by which ice decreases pain after injury is a contentious issue: it may reduce nerve conduction 25 or muscle spasm or have an antinociceptive effect on the gate control mechanism. 26 There is some evidence that cold induced analgesia is short term, however, continuing for just 15-30 minutes after treatment cessation.…”

Section: Cryotherapy and Ankle Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, one might postulate that the very nature of an intermittent treatment may have been more conducive to performing therapeutic exercise. Anecdotal recommendations state that 10 minutes of cryotherapy can induce sufficient analgesia to allow therapeutic exercise, 25 and much of the scientific evidence suggests that superficial tissues reach their peak temperature reduction after about 10 minutes of cooling. 6 Therefore, in effect, the intermittent group may have had two opportunities to exercise and mobilise their ankle in a pain-free state (at the interim period between treatments and after the second 10 minute treatment) compared with just one in the standard group (at the end of the 20 minute treatment).…”

Section: Cryotherapy and Ankle Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryotherapy for acute ankle sprains: A randomised controlled study of two different icing protocols

Bleakley¹,

McDonough²,

MacAuley³

2006

Acute Pain

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Muscle Injury Management with Cryotherapy

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Therapeutic Efficacy of Cervical Traction in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Control Trial

Therapeutic Efficacy of Cervical Traction in the Management of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Control Trial

The Magnitude of Tissue Cooling During Cryotherapy With Varied Types of Compression

Cryotherapy for acute ankle sprains: A randomised controlled study of two different icing protocols

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