Muscle hypertrophy following 5‐week resistance training using a non‐gravity‐dependent exercise system

Tesch, Per A.; Ekberg, A; Lindquist, Diana M.; Trieschmann, Jan

doi:10.1046/j.0001-6772.2003.01225.x

Cited by 145 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These authors observed that 3 weeks of twice-daily KAATSU-walk training produced significant muscle hypertrophy (4-7% increase in muscle volume) and increased dynamic and isometric strength (8-10% increase) in the thigh muscles despite the very low intensity of the exercise. The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy and strength gains as well as the hypertrophic potential (percent change in muscle volume divided by the number of Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency training sessions) is comparable with previous results following HIT (Ahtiainen et al, 2003;Jones and Rutherford, 1987), although greater training effects following HIT have been reported (Akima et al, 1999;Bell et al, 1992;Seynnes et al, 2007;Tesch et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Determining the hypertrophic potential is a theoretical attempt to evaluate muscle growth per training session by dividing the percent change in muscle volume by the number of training bouts. Maximal-intensity training 3 times a week for 5 weeks results in significant increases in muscle size (5-6%) and a hypertrophic potential of 0.3-0.5% (Akima et al, 1999;Bell et al, 1992;Seynnes et al, 2007;Tesch et al, 2004). Studies that have incorporated high-intensity (but not maximal effort) resistance training (e.g., 80% 1-RM or 10-RM) and similar training frequencies produce similar hypertrophic responses (~5% increase in muscle size; Ahtiainen et al, 2003;Jones and Rutherford, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency

Abe

Kearns

Fujita

et al. 2009

Int. J. KAATSU Ttaining Res.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate once-daily walk training with restricted leg blood flow (KAATSU) on thigh muscle size and strength. Twelve young men performed walk training: KAATSUwalk training (n=6) and control (no KAATSU-walk; n=6). Training was conducted once daily, 6 days per week, for 3 weeks. Treadmill walking (50 m/min) was performed for 5 sets of 2-min bouts interspersed with 1-min rest periods. The KAATSU-walk group wore pressure cuff belts (5 cm wide) on both legs during training, with incremental increases in external compression starting at 160 mmHg and ending at 230 mmHg. Thigh muscle volume and isometric and 1-repetition maximal (1-RM) strength were measured before and after training. In the KAATSU-walk group, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle volume increased 1.7 and 2.4% (both P<0.05), respectively, following training. One-RM leg press and leg curl increased 7.3 and 8.6% (both P<0.05), respectively, following KAATSU-walk training. Also, isometric knee extension strength (4.4%; P<0.01), but not knee flexion strength (1.7%), increased following KAATSU-walk training. There were no changes in muscle volume or strength in the control-walk group. These results confirm previous work showing that the combination of slow walk training and leg muscle blood flow restriction induces muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. However, the magnitude of change in muscle mass and strength following oncedaily KAATSU-walk training was approximately one-half that reported for twice-daily KAATSU-walk training over a 3-week period. These results in combination with previous observations lead to the conclusion that the impact of KAATSU-walk training on muscle size and strength is related to an ability to accomplish a high number of training bouts within a compressed training duration. Second, frequency-dependent muscle enlargement appears to be associated with KAATSU-walk training.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency

Abe

Kearns

Fujita

et al. 2009

Int. J. KAATSU Ttaining Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The flywheel provides an inertial resistance during coupled concentric and eccentric actions. 23,24 The total number of flywheels installed adjusts the overall inertia. Given their properties (material: PVC; density: 1.4 kg/cm 3 , diameter: 380 mm; thickness: 20 mm), the resulting inertia of each flywheel was 0.11 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: \<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>\mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 10-Week In-Season Eccentric-Overload Training Program on Muscle-Injury Prevention and Performance in Junior Elite Soccer Players

Hoyo¹,

Pozzo²,

Sañudo³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

188

217

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Purpose:To analyze the effect of an eccentric-overload training program (ie, half-squat and leg-curl exercises using flywheel ergometers) with individualized load on muscle-injury incidence and severity and performance in junior elite soccer players. Methods: Thirty-six young players (U-17 to U-19) were recruited and assigned to an experimental (EXP) or control group (CON). The training program consisted of 1 or 2 sessions/wk (3-6 sets with 6 repetitions) during 10 wk. The outcome measured included muscle injury (incidence per 1000 h of exposure and injury severity) and performance tests (countermovement jump Furthermore, a possible decrement in total injury incidence was also reported in EXP. Conclusions: The eccentric-based program led to a reduction in muscle-injury incidence and severity and showed improvements in common soccer tasks such as jumping ability and linear-sprinting speed.[

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“…Several models of resistance training devices using the flywheel ergometry principle have been developed for human use on the International Space Station or on space shuttles traveling on long-duration missions to other planets (164)(165)(166)(167). Resistance exercise composed of maximal concentric and eccentric actions and performed every third day during middle-(166) and longterm (168) bed rest could prevent atrophy of knee extensors (quadriceps muscle) and attenuate atrophy of plantar flexors (triceps surae muscle group).…”

Section: 1) Exercise Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Exercise and Nutrition Countermeasures to Prevent Protein Loss

Bajotto

Shimomura

2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Muscle atrophy results from a variety of conditions such as disease states, neuromuscular injuries, disuse, and aging. Absence of gravitational loading during spaceflight or long-term bed rest predisposes humans to undergo substantial loss of muscle mass and, consequently, become unfit and/or unhealthy. Disuse-or inactivity-induced skeletal muscle protein loss takes place by differential modulation of proteolytic and synthetic systems. Transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational events are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation in myofibers, and these regulatory events are known to be responsive to contractile activity. However, regardless of the numerous studies which have been performed, the intracellular signals that mediate skeletal muscle wasting due to muscular disuse are not completely comprehended. Understanding the triggers of atrophy and the mechanisms that regulate protein loss in unloaded muscles may lead to the development of effective countermeasures such as exercise and dietary intervention. The objective of the present review is to provide a window into the molecular processes that underlie skeletal muscle remodeling and to examine what we know about exercise and nutrition countermeasures designed to minimize muscle atrophy. Key Words Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy, microgravity, hindlimb suspension, protein synthesis and degradation, exercise and nutrition countermeasures Because skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue of the human body, we may hypothesize that decreases in its mass possibly will profoundly impact the wholebody metabolism and ultimately lead to the development of lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, muscle deconditioning (reduced strength, abnormal reflex patterns, increased fatigability) could limit the ability of astronauts to work in space and/or to rapidly egress the spacecraft in an emergency landing ( 1 ). Even though various functional and morphological alterations are noticeable in inactive muscles, decreased protein content has been regarded as the hallmark of skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle protein can be either gained or lost by relative changes in protein synthesis and degradation rates, which are known to be modulated by contractile activity. Thus, understanding about the molecular regulators of protein turnover during different mechanical loading conditions and their response to specific treatments leads to the likelihood of developing effective countermeasures for preventing disuseinduced muscle wasting.This article provides a review of muscular adaptations to disuse, with emphasis on protein kinetics. We describe first the general aspects of muscle wasting with regard to exposure to actual or ground-based, simulated microgravity and some of the most significant findings that provide evidence for a close connection between skeletal muscle plasticity and protein metabolism. Next, we present a review of the literature in which results of measurements of protein synthesis/ degradation rates during unloading are avail...

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Muscle hypertrophy following 5‐week resistance training using a non‐gravity‐dependent exercise system

Abstract: The results of this study show that the present RE regimen produces marked muscle hypertrophy and important increases in maximal voluntary strength and appears equally effective as RE paradigms using gravity-dependent weights, in this regard.

Cited by 145 publications

References 37 publications

Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency

Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency

Effects of a 10-Week In-Season Eccentric-Overload Training Program on Muscle-Injury Prevention and Performance in Junior Elite Soccer Players

Determinants of Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Exercise and Nutrition Countermeasures to Prevent Protein Loss

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