Muscle dysmorphia: A systematic and meta‐analytic review of the literature to assess diagnostic validity

Cooper, Marita; Eddy, Kamryn T.; Thomas, Jennifer J.; Franko, Debra L.; Carron‐Arthur, Bradley; Keshishian, Ani C.; Griffiths, Kathleen M

doi:10.1002/eat.23349

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Although some research has suggested muscle dysmorphia is a subtype of body dysmorphia [ 159 ], other research suggests strong similarities with anorexia nervosa, where pathological concern with muscle gain replaces pathological concern with weight loss [ 160 ]. Recent research suggests muscle dysmorphia may have validity for a stand-alone diagnosis [ 161 ].…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline

Ralph¹,

Brennan

Byrne

et al. 2022

J Eat Disord

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Introduction The prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with higher weight. However, despite this, eating disorders experienced by people with higher weight have been consistently under-recognised and under-treated, and there is little to guide clinicians in the management of eating disorders in this population. Aim The aim of this guideline is to synthesise the current best practice approaches to the management of eating disorders in people with higher weight and make evidence-based clinical practice recommendations. Methods The National Eating Disorders Collaboration Steering Committee auspiced a Development Group for a Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of eating disorders for people with higher weight. The Development Group followed the ‘Guidelines for Guidelines’ process outlined by the National Health and Medical Research Council and aim to meet their Standards to be: 1. relevant and useful for decision making; 2. transparent; 3. overseen by a guideline development group; 4. identifying and managing conflicts of interest; 5. focused on health and related outcomes; 6. evidence informed; 7. making actionable recommendations; 8. up-to-date; and, 9. accessible. The development group included people with clinical and/or academic expertise and/or lived experience. The guideline has undergone extensive peer review and consultation over an 18-month period involving reviews by key stakeholders, including experts and organisations with clinical academic and/or lived experience. Recommendations Twenty-one clinical recommendations are made and graded according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence levels. Strong recommendations were supported for psychological treatment as a first-line treatment approach adults (with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder), adolescents and children. Clinical considerations such as weight stigma, interprofessional collaborative practice and cultural considerations are also discussed. Conclusions This guideline will fill an important gap in the need to better understand and care for people experiencing eating disorders who also have higher weight. This guideline acknowledges deficits in knowledge and consequently the reliance on consensus and lower levels of evidence for many recommendations, and the need for research particularly evaluating weight-neutral and other more recent approaches in this field.

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline

Ralph¹,

Brennan

Byrne

et al. 2022

J Eat Disord

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show abstract

“…Further, it has been suggested that the increasing amount of posts identified with the hashtag “fitspiration” (i.e., contents shared to promote healthy messages focused on fitness, exercise, eating styles, physical appearance, and weight control) can emphasize unrealistic body image as well as unattainable habits, thus leading to negative feelings in relation to mood, self-esteem, body image and emotional well-being [ 18 , 21 – 25 ]. This can also contribute [ 26 ] to induce in vulnerable users symptoms related to a specific form of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), the so called muscle dysmorphia (MD), characterized by extreme preoccupation over one’s physical appearance and muscularity and by compulsive physical exercise [ 16 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults

et al. 2021

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Purpose Although the association between problematic use of the internet and eating disorders (EDs) in young adults has been previously established, its underlying mechanisms have not been completely clarified. It has been suggested that exposure to idealized very thin and toned body images (e.g., “thinspiration” and “fitspiration” trends) on social media might lead to increased feelings of body dissatisfaction which, in turn, can represent a trigger for EDs. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 721) of young adults (504 females, mean age: 24.13 ± 3.70 years; range 18–34). Methods Self-report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), muscle dysmorphia (MD), and EDs were used. A mediational model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms through the mediating role of MD-related symptoms was performed controlling for confounding factors (e.g., socio-demographic variables, substances use, body mass index, psychopathological distress). Results The model showed that the total effect of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms was significant (B = 0.213; p = 0.022) and that this association was mediated by MD-related symptoms (B = 0.083; p = 0.021). Discussion Our findings support the possibility that MD-related symptoms play a relevant role in mediating the association between SMA severity and ED pathology. Level of evidence Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

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“…Os resultados sobre os sintomas de ansiedade social estão de certa forma alinhados com os achados de Chandler et al (2009) que demonstrou que estes sintomas podem representar um fator motivacional subjacente aos sintomas de dm por meio do reforço negativo. O medo da avaliação negativa alheia, especialmente sobre o próprio físico, gerando um estado aversivo (Cooper, 2020;Eichstadt, 2020).…”

Section: Resultados E Discussão O Que é Dismorfia Muscular (Dm)?unclassified

Distúrbios alimentares e de imagem em atletas de força

Ferreira

Figueiredo

2022

RSD

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Os distúrbios alimentares e de imagem são uma realidade comum de praticantes de modalidades de força, que possuem uma forte influência do meio na maneira que conduzem as estratégias dietéticas e, na forma como percebem o próprio corpo, já que utilizam de corpos belos para vender uma falsa visão de saúde. Sabendo disso, os objetivos deste trabalho foram conscientizar sobre o problema, demonstrar os fatores de risco e entregar as principais formas de tratamento. Para isso, foi utilizado o método de revisão bibliográfica para reunir diversos achados sobre este assunto. Ao fim, foi possível perceber os riscos atribuídos ao meio fitness e o quanto essas influências podem impactar na saúde física e mental dos indivíduos que passam a conviver nesse meio e a consumir esse tipo de conteúdo.

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Muscle dysmorphia: A systematic and meta‐analytic review of the literature to assess diagnostic validity

Cited by 29 publications

References 77 publications

Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline

Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline

The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults

Distúrbios alimentares e de imagem em atletas de força

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