Muscle Characteristics Obtained Using Computed Tomography as Prognosticators in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Lee, Jongsoo; Park, Jee Soo; Heo, Jiwoong; Ahn, Hyun Kyu; Jang, Won Sik; Ham, Won Sik; Rha, Koon Ho; Choi, Young Deuk

doi:10.3390/cancers12071864

Cited by 8 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Sarcopenia has become a topic of great interest in oncology [68]; however, poorly understood given the lack of reporting on assessment characteristics and definitions. For example, although studies had reported the time of body composition assessment [25,33,34,36,37,[40][41][42][43]45], the high heterogeneity and lack of standardisation could misclassify prostate cancer patients with obesity or sarcopenia and, therefore, mask the impact of these outcomes on overall survival. Future research should better inform definitions (i.e., cut-off values and rationale) and time of assessments, and information about clinical factors associated with muscle mass accrual or maintenance in this group of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and Supplementary eAppendix 2). A total of 16 cohort studies undertaking retrospective analyses [16,24,25,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] were included in the primary analysis. During the eligibility assessment, six additional studies [46][47][48][49][50][51] were initially selected and authors contacted given the lack of specific information on the results for prostate cancer patients.…”

Section: Studies Included and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, a total of 4807 prostate cancer patients with a median age of 69.0 years (interquartile range (IQR): 67.2-71.3) and BMI of 26.6 kg m −2 (IQR: 24.3-28.7) participated in the included studies. All studies except one derived fat and muscle mass measures from CT scans [16,24,25,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Most studies (n = 11) included advanced prostate cancer patients (e.g., metastatic, castration-resistant or metastatic castration-resistant patients) [16,24,34,35,38,39,[41][42][43][44][45], and the majority of patients received treatments such as radiotherapy [33,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and ADT [33,[35][36][37][40][41][42][43][44] (n = 9 for both), followed by surgery [25,33,…”

Section: Studies Included and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

López

Newton

Taaffe

et al. 2021

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Background To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer. Methods A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2020, while abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conferences were searched from 2014 to 2020. Eligible articles examined the association of body composition measures, such as fat mass (e.g., fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures, with overall survival in prostate cancer patients at any treatment stage. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting multivariable or univariable analysis assessing the associations of fat mass measures (i.e., fat mass, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures with overall survival. Results Sixteen cohort studies that comprised 4807 men with prostate cancer were included. Total adiposity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.28, p = 0.888) and VAT (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.74–1.43, p = 0.873) were not significantly associated with overall survival, while higher subcutaneous adipose tissue levels were associated with higher survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.84, p = 0.001). Greater mortality risk was found in patients with localised (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40–2.62, p < 0.001) and advanced disease (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92, p = 0.020) presenting with low levels of muscle mass compared to those presenting with high levels. Discussion These results indicate that although overall adiposity should be cautiously interpreted in regards to survival, high muscle mass and SAT, and low VAT/SAT ratio values are associated with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Included and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Included and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

López

Newton

Taaffe

et al. 2021

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…Myosteatosis is an umbrella term used to describe varying adipose compartments within the SM (intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipids). Myosteatosis occurs more often in individuals with diabetes [ 45 ], increases with antiandrogen therapy [ 46 ], and is a negative prognostic indicator of OS in MPC [ 23 , 47 ]. Based on the magnitude of the HRs and the visual representation of the curves in Figure 1 , our pilot data signals myosteatosis may be a particularly worrisome condition for Black men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Body Composition in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study Examining Differences by Race

et al. 2022

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Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findings. However, preliminary data are required to support this concept. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for all men with MPC evaluated at our center over a 4-year period, collecting demographic and clinical data (N = 74). Of these, 55 men had diagnostic computed tomography images to quantify adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, specifically sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nineteen men had repeat imaging to explore changes over time. Frequencies, medians, interquartile ranges, and time to event analyses (hazard ratios (HR); confidence interval (CI)) are presented, stratified by race. Overall, 49% (n = 27) of men had sarcopenia, 49% (n = 27) had myosteatosis, and 29% (n = 16) had sarcopenia and myosteatosis simultaneously. No significant relationship between body mass index (Log-rank p = 0.86 ; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45–2.49) or sarcopenia (Log-rank p = 0.92 ; HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.46–2.19) and overall survival was observed. However, the presence of myosteatosis at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall survival (Log-rank p = 0.09 ; HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.05–5.23), with more pronounced (statistically nonsignificant) negative associations for Black (HR: 4.39, 95% CI: 0.92–21.1, p = 0.06 ) versus non-Black men (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.79–4.54, p = 0.16 ). Over the median 12.5 months between imaging, the median decline in skeletal muscle was 4% for all men. Black men displayed a greater propensity to gain more adipose tissue than non-Black men, specifically subcutaneous ( p = 0.01 ). Because of the potential for Type II errors in this pilot, future studies should seek to further evaluate the implications of body composition on outcomes. This will require larger, adequately powered investigations with diverse patient representation.

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“…The most evaluated (69.3%) outcome among the studies was survival, 12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][34][35][36]41,42,45,46,[50][51][52][53][54]57,58,60,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]72,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80]83,84,87,88,91,[93][94][95][96][97][98][100][101]…”

Section: Evaluated Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle radiodensity and cancer outcomes: A scoping review of the literature

2021

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Patients with cancer are more prone to experience myosteatosis than healthy individuals. The aim of this review was to summarize the methodologies applied for low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) assessment in oncology patients, as well as to describe the major findings related to SMD and cancer outcomes. This scoping review included studies that were published until November 2020 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; were performed in humans diagnosed with cancer, adult and/or elderly, of both sexes; investigated SMD through computed tomography of the region between the third and fifth lumbar vertebrae, considering at least two muscular groups; and evaluated clinical and/or surgical outcomes. Eighty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 37,583 patients). Survival was the most evaluated outcome. Most studies reported a significant association between low SMD and unfavorable outcomes. However, this relationship was not clear for survival, antineoplastic treatment, and surgical complications, potentially because of the unstandardized approaches for the assessment of SMD and inadequate study design. Future studies should address these issues to provide an in‐depth understanding of the clinical relevance of SMD in cancer outcomes as well as how SMD is influenced by individuals and tumor‐related characteristics in patients with cancer.

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Muscle Characteristics Obtained Using Computed Tomography as Prognosticators in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Associations of fat and muscle mass with overall survival in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Clinical Features and Body Composition in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study Examining Differences by Race

Skeletal muscle radiodensity and cancer outcomes: A scoping review of the literature

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