Muscle and brown adipose tissue fatty acid profiles in cold-exposed rats.

Abstract

Effects of cold acclimation and cold exposure for 25 generations on triglyceride (TG)-, total phospholipid (PL)-, and cardiolipin (CL)-fatty acid (FA) compositions were studied in the different types of skeletal muscles (red and white muscles from quadriceps, and soleus) as well as brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats. TG: in cold-acclimated rats (CA) and rats reared in cold for 25 generations (25G) white muscle showed the decreased saturated FA (SA) and increased polyunsaturated FA (PU). In soleus of 25G, monounsaturated FA (MU) and PU increased, and SA decreased. In BAT, SA increased and MU decreased in CA, and SA and PU decreased, and MU increased in 25G. PL: in red muscle of CA, SA increased and PU decreased. In red muscle of 25G the similar but more marked changes were found accompanied by lowered arachidonic acid and unsaturation index (UI). In BAT, SA, PU, arachidonic acid, and UI increased in CA, and arachidonic acid increased in 25G. CL: in red and white muscles of 25G, oleic acid and MU increased. In BAT, arachidonic acid increased in CA and 25G, and UI increased in 25G. These results suggest that FA unsaturation of CL in the muscles as well as BAT is involved in an enhanced thermogenesis in cold-exposed rats.

Cold-induced alterations of phospholipid fatty acyl composition in brown adipose tissue mitochondria are independent of uncoupling protein-1

“…There would only seem to be one earlier study (performed in rats) examining the effect of cold acclimation on phospholipid acyl composition in skeletal muscle (40). That study found very small effects on acyl composition and concurs with the present study in observing a clear difference between the alterations in brown adipose tissue and those in skeletal muscle.…”

Cold-Activated Lipid Dynamics in Adipose Tissue Highlights a Role for Cardiolipin in Thermogenic Metabolism

“…The circulating lipidome was consistent with increased concentrations of lipid metabolites in the cardiolipin (CL) biosynthetic pathway that we found by performing MS/MS ALL on BAT and WAT from cold-exposed mice compared to tissue from mice housed in thermoneutral conditions. BAT cardiolipin metabolism is well known to be activated by cold exposure (Ogawa et al, 1987; Ricquier et al, 1978; Strunecká et al, 1981), and we found that this pathway was also increased in beige adipose tissue. Our databases can be used to generate hypotheses for the complex metabolic networks that are regulated by thermogenic fat activity in humans and rodents and support the evidence that cardiolipin metabolism in brown and beige fat plays a critical role in enhancing thermogenic function during cold challenge.…”

Effect of Cold Acclimation on Antioxidant Status in Cold Acclimated Skaters

“…The level of TBARS was significantly higher during submaximal exercise of exposure to cold condition compared to rest in both groups. It is suggested that activation of erythrocytes by chronic cold exposure is not only accompanied by generation of oxygen radicals (Sekhar et al, 1987) together with the augmentation of the preferential substrate of lipid peroxidation Ogawa et al, 1987;Mory et al, 1988), but also involves adaptations that compensate for an increased liability to erythrocyte peroxidation. This is accomplished by increases in all of the antioxidant enzymes and in GSH levels.…”