We have examined vortex solutions in (2+ l)D Chem-Simons-Higgs theory which has no usual Maxwell term. It is shown that the Bogomol'nyi-type equations can be derived for a simple sixth-order Higgs potential and the corresponding general n-vortex solutions should contain 2n free parameters.Various characteristics of Chem-Simons vortices are discussed briefly.PACS numbers: 11.15. -q, 11.17.+y, 74.65.+n During the last two decades the study of vortices has become an interdisciplinary subject between condensedmatter physics and particle physics. Ginzburg-Landau theory, the macroscopic theory of superconductivity, was known to admit localized solutions of the vortex type. ' So does the Abelian Higgs model, which is the relativistic extension of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Characteristically, these vortex solutions carry magnetic flux but are electrically neutral.Understanding the physics of the recently discovered high-T, superconductors is one of the most important problems at the moment. As emphasized by several authors, this new superconductor is characterized by its two-dimensional nature, and a P-and T-violating statistical interaction might be important in describing this system. In field-theory language, this P-and T-violating interaction can be related to the Chem-Simons term in (2+1)D Abelian gauge theory, which had been studied by various theorists in other contexts. The basic object in this model behaves like anyons, flux-tube-chargedparticle composites with unusual statistics. One usually takes the vortex solution in the Ginzburg-Landau theory as this flux tube. But there is another possibility. With the introduction of the Chem-Simons term in the Abelian Higgs model, it was observed that there also exist vortex solutions. These Chem-Simons vortices are different from the Nielsen-Olesen vortices in that they carry electric charge as well as magnetic flux. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider the Chem-Simons vortices as another candidate for anyonlike objects. The solutions studied by the authors of Refs. 4 and 5 are, however, very complicated and therefore it is difficult to check many interesting properties with them. This complication arises from the existence of the Maxwell term, aside from the Chem-Simons term, in the action. Here we would like to point out that to have Chem-Simons vortices, the Maxwell term is not a necessity. It is not unreasonable to consider the theory without the Maxwell term because the Chem-Simons term is dominant over the Maxwell term in the longdistance region (or, equivalently, in the limit of large tt, the coefficient of the Chem-Simons term). Moreover, very recently, Deser and Yang observed that the Higgs 4 eg 2 I l I FIG. 1. The shape of the scalar potential for the NielsenOlesen-type vortices in the Bogomol'nyi limit.mechanism can transmute a nondynamical gauge field into a massive gauge boson. Therefore the dynamics is not lost even in the absence of the Maxwell term provided that there is a Higgs mechanism. As we will show in this paper, the Chem-Simons-Higgs theo...

Curcumin has become a focus of interest with regard to its antitumor effects in prostate cancer; however, the effects of this agent on invasion and metastasis remain less well understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) invasion in both in vitro and in vivo. We utilized zymography and ELISA in order to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Matrigel invasion assay was performed to assess cellular invasion. We developed a xenograft model to examine tumorigenicity. Curcumin treatment resulted not only in a significant reduction in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, but also effected the inhibition of invasive ability in vitro. Curcumin was shown to induce a marked reduction of tumor volume, MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity in the tumor-bearing site. The metastatic nodules in vivo were significantly fewer in the curcumintreated group than untreated group. Curcumin appears to constitute a potential agent for the prevention of cancer progression, or at least of the initial phase of metastasis, in prostate cancer.

In COVID-19 patients, considerable variation was found in the QCTmass (72.4±120.8 g; range, 0.7-420.7 g) and relative 3D opacity extent on CT (3.2±5.8% of lung area; range, 0.1-19.8%). 2. Chest radiographs in patients under investigation for COVID-19 provided a sensitivity of 25% (5/20) and specificity of 90% (18/20) for COVID-19-related opacities. 3. The QCTmass (p<.001) and the 3D opacity volume on CT (p<.001) significantly affected the visibility of COVID-19-related opacities on radiographs. I n p r e s s Summary Statement Quantitative opacity mass and 3D opacity volume on CT were quantifiable metrics affecting the visibility of COVID-19-related opacities on chest radiographs.

We aimed to develop a deep-learning algorithm detecting 10 common abnormalities (DLAD-10) on chest radiographs and to evaluate its impact in diagnostic accuracy, timeliness of reporting, and workflow efficacy.DLAD-10 was trained with 146 717 radiographs from 108 053 patients using a ResNet34-based neural network with lesion-specific channels for 10 common radiologic abnormalities (pneumothorax, mediastinal widening, pneumoperitoneum, nodule/mass, consolidation, pleural effusion, linear atelectasis, fibrosis, calcification, and cardiomegaly). For external validation, the performance of DLAD-10 on a same-day CT-confirmed dataset (normal:abnormal, 53:147) and an open-source dataset (PadChest; normal:abnormal, 339:334) was compared to that of three radiologists. Separate simulated reading tests were conducted on another dataset adjusted to real-world disease prevalence in the emergency department, consisting of four critical, 52 urgent, and 146 non-urgent cases. Six radiologists participated in the simulated reading sessions with and without DLAD-10.DLAD-10 exhibited areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.895–1.00 in the CT-confirmed dataset and 0.913–0.997 in the PadChest dataset. DLAD-10 correctly classified significantly more critical abnormalities (95.0% [57/60]) than pooled radiologists (84.4% [152/180]; p=0.01). In simulated reading tests for emergency department patients, pooled readers detected significantly more critical (70.8% [17/24] versus 29.2% [7/24]; p=0.006) and urgent (82.7% [258/312] versus 78.2% [244/312]; p=0.04) abnormalities when aided by DLAD-10. DLAD-10 assistance shortened the mean time-to-report critical and urgent radiographs (640.5±466.3 versus 3371.0±1352.5 s and 1840.3±1141.1 versus 2127.1±1468.2, respectively; p-values<0.01) and reduced the mean interpretation time (20.5±22.8 versus 23.5±23.7 s; p<0.001).DLAD-10 showed excellent performance, improving radiologists' performance and shortening the reporting time for critical and urgent cases.