Muscle Anatomy of the Human Esophagus

Meyer, George W.; Austin, R. Marshall; Brady, Charles E.; Do, Castell

doi:10.1097/00004836-198604000-00005

Cited by 134 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In an autopsy study Meyer et al documented that the transition zone from striated to smooth muscle occurs gradually through a mixed-muscle type transition zone and extends an average of 7.6 cm (34% of esophageal length) 6 . This is similar to the length of the esophageal LPZ as measured by HRM in our subjects with a mean length of 24% of total esophageal length in asymptomatic individuals and 31% in symptomatic patients, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of the Esophageal Low-Pressure Zone in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Esophageal Symptoms: Assessment by High-Resolution Manometry

Pohl

Ribolsi

Savarino

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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BACKGROUND: Esophageal motility studies in humans have documented a low-pressure zone (LPZ) in the area of transition from striated to smooth muscle. While preliminary studies indicate that a bolus might be retained in this area, the clinical relevance of the LPZ remains unclear. AIM: To investigate a possible relationship between esophageal symptoms and the size of the esophageal LPZ. METHODS: We reviewed high-resolution manometry (HRM) data from patients with esophageal symptoms (dysphagia, chest pain, and heartburn/regurgitation) and asymptomatic volunteers. The proximal border of the LPZ was defined as the point where the amplitude of the proximal contraction wave declined below 30 mmHg, and the distal border as the point where the distal contraction wave first increased above 30 mmHg. RESULTS: The average (+/-standard error of mean [SEM]) length of the LPZ in 44 asymptomatic individuals was 5.4 +/-0.6 cm and did not differ (P= 0.222) from the LPZ in 64 patients with dysphagia (6.8 +/-0.4 cm), 34 patients with chest pain (6.4 +/-0.6 cm), and 42 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms (7.0 +/-0.6 cm). These results did not change when the length of the LPZ was corrected for total esophageal length. The time width of the LPZ in asymptomatic individuals (1.6 +/-0.2 s) was shorter than in patients with dysphagia and GERD symptoms (dysphagia 2.4 +/-0.2 s, GERD symptoms 2.8 +/-0.3 s). CONCLUSION: A time delay between the proximal and distal esophageal contraction waves might be a meaningful variable in GERD and dysphagia.Pohl et al. 1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manometric studies have documented a low pressure zone (LPZ) at this junction between the upper striated muscle part of the esophagus and the lower smooth muscle part 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Esophageal Low-Pressure Zone in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Esophageal Symptoms: Assessment by High-Resolution Manometry

Pohl

Ribolsi

Savarino

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…One study in humans showed that the area in which striated and smooth muscle portions were approximately equal was 4.7 ± 0.6 cm from the proximal portion of the cricopharyngeal muscle (17). This is the tran- sition zone and has the lowest esophageal amplitude of contraction, described as a "pressure trough".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study this area was located at 21.7 ± 1.3% of the esophageal length (18). Below this transition the proportion of smooth muscle increases progressively until the middle esophagus, where the muscle is exclusively smooth (17). We performed the measurement at a site that has more than 50% of striated muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal striated muscle contractions in patients with Chagas' disease and idiopathic achalasia

Dantas

Aprile

Aben-Athar

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The purely smooth muscle content of the esophagus, which is characteristic of most amphibians, reptiles, and birds, is replaced in mammals by striated muscle fibers extending from the pharyngoesophageal junction to the thoracic or even abdominal portions, depending on the species (for review, see Oppel, 1897;Wörl and Neuhuber, 2005a). In human esophagus the tunica muscularis of the upper half is built up by both fiber types with striated muscle predominating, while the lower half consists entirely of smooth muscle (Meyer et al, 1986;Kallmü nzer et al, 2008). Remarkably, the amount and distribution of striated muscle fibers varies also among individuals (Meyer et al, 1986;Kallmü nzer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of Pax7 changes the tunica muscularis of the mouse esophagus from an entirely striated into a mixed phenotype

Wörl

Breuer

Neuhuber

2009

Developmental Dynamics

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Muscle Anatomy of the Human Esophagus

Cited by 134 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of the Esophageal Low-Pressure Zone in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Esophageal Symptoms: Assessment by High-Resolution Manometry

Characteristics of the Esophageal Low-Pressure Zone in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Esophageal Symptoms: Assessment by High-Resolution Manometry

Esophageal striated muscle contractions in patients with Chagas' disease and idiopathic achalasia

Deletion of Pax7 changes the tunica muscularis of the mouse esophagus from an entirely striated into a mixed phenotype

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