Muscadine Grapes

Basiouny, Fouad M.; Himelrick, David G.

doi:10.1300/j301v02n04_11

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Newer cultivars such as 'Summit' and 'Triumph' have very good dry scar characteristics (Lane, 1977(Lane, , 1978. In addition to 'Triumph ' Basiouny and Himelrick (2002) recommend 'Carlos', 'Florida Fry', 'Late Fry', 'Polyanna', 'Southland', and 'Tara' as cultivars with a high percentage of dry stem scars. In addition to breeding work, attempts have been made to artificially induce abscission for clean berry detachment with growth regulators (Lane and Flora, 1979;Mainland et al, 1977;Mortensen, 1980;and Phatak et al, 1980).…”

Section: Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Himelrick

2003

Small Fruits Review

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Section: Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Himelrick

2003

Small Fruits Review

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“…The fruit has a distinctive taste and aroma, and the juice is sweet and low in acidity. Muscadine grapes are high in phytochemicals such as resveratrol and ellagic acid that have been shown to prevent heart disease and cancer in humans [3][4][5][6]. Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that has been shown to lower serum lipids [7], inhibit platelet aggregation in the blood [8,9], and inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Quality, Phytochemical Content, and Disease Severity of Muscadine Grapes Affected by Fungicide Applications

Smith¹

2013

TOPHARMCJ

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Muscadine grapes are high in phytochemicals beneficial to humans, such as resveratrol and ellagic acid. Four studies were conducted to explore the relationship between phytochemical content, berry quality, and disease control following full season or early season applications of fungicides. In each study foliar and fruit diseases were lower in the full season treatment compared to the control, and some treatments with fewer applications reduced fruit diseases to the same level as the full season treatment. In Study 1 the full season (9 applications) and azoxystrobin treatments (3 applications) resulted in significantly lower berry disease scores than the control treatment. There were no significant differences in vine vigor, foliar diseases, or bitter rot scores among treatments where fungicide applications were stopped at various preharvest intervals ranging from 56 to 0 days (Study 3), or in disease scores between the full season (8 applications) and early season treatments (4 applications) of six fungicide treatments (Study 4). Sugar levels were highest in berries from the full season, azoxystrobin, and control fungicide treatments, and berries from the least efficacious treatments for disease control had almost ten times as much resveratrol as those from the most efficacious treatments (Study 1). Ellagic acid and resveratrol levels were lower in berries from fungicide treated vines than from untreated vines (Study 3). The number of fungicide applications can be reduced to as few as four without an increase in berry disease scores; however, when diseases of muscadine grapes are controlled, levels of beneficial phytochemicals may decrease.

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“…Morphologically, muscadine grapes (V. rotundifolia) have smaller clusters, unbranched tendrils, formation of an abscission zone between the fruit and rachis, smooth and thin bark, prominent lenticels, continuous pith, and berries with thick skins and a unique fruity aroma. In contrast, other Vitis species (other than V. rotundifolia) have bigger clusters, branched tendrils, no abscission zone between the berry and rachis, striated bark on young wood, thick and rough bark that peels in strips on old wood, less-dense wood than Muscadinia, and pith interrupted by diaphragms at nodes [44]. Muscadinia and Vitis are graft incompatible [1].…”

Section: Botanymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…also contribute to muscadine pollination [47]. Wind pollination has somewhat dubiously been suggested to occur in muscadine [44]. Wind-pollinated species such as hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and olive (Olea europaea L.) have relatively long pistils, lengthy styles, and downy stigmas, which have evolved to catch wind-blown pollen, whereas muscadine stigmas are relatively small and smoothly rounded.…”

Section: Botanymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscadine's pest tolerance, perennial longevity, and adaptation to variable winter temperatures enable cultivation in its native, humid, subtropical environment. Muscadine range is predominantly composed of the coastal plains to the lower piedmont and mountain regions throughout the southeastern U.S. (Figure 2) [48] and is limited by cold temperatures where −12 • C (10 • F) causes damage [2] and −18 • C (0 • F) results in mortality [44]. Therefore, while newer, commercial plantings remain viable and common in the piedmont of North Carolina and piedmont and mountains of Georgia, cold injury is often reported in those locations, particularly in sensitive cultivars.…”

Section: Production Range and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx., syn. Muscandinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small): The Resilient, Native Grape of the Southeastern U.S

et al. 2019

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Angiosperms are well adapted to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses in their native environment. However, the growth habit of native plants may not be suited for cultivation and their fruits may not be desirable for consumption. Adapting a plant for cultivation and commercial appeal through breeding and selection may accentuate weaknesses in pest tolerance. The transition of muscadine from a wild, native plant to a cultivated crop has taken place over the last 150 years. Early production primarily involved cloning elite wild selections; few pest management inputs were needed since the material was genetically similar to the native plant. Over time, emphasis was placed on the refinement of pruning, trellising, and other cultural inputs to increase productivity and commercial implementation. In turn, breeders developed newer cultivars with greater productivity and commercial appeal. Many modern muscadine cultivars remain tolerant to biotic pests and are adapted to a hot and humid climate. The primary focus of this review is to provide a descriptive context of muscadine as a native American, perennial fruit crop that requires minimal pest management in hot, humid climates relative to recently introduced European bunch grapes. Inherent muscadine traits resulting in fewer pesticide inputs make them worthy of being planted across considerable acreages; yet, muscadines remain a niche crop. We conclude that muscadines suffer from their short history of cultivation in a confined region and would benefit from breeding and marketing efforts to increase consumption, commercial acceptance, and awareness.

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Muscadine Grapes

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Fruit Quality, Phytochemical Content, and Disease Severity of Muscadine Grapes Affected by Fungicide Applications

Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx., syn. Muscandinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small): The Resilient, Native Grape of the Southeastern U.S

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