Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Himelrick, David G.

doi:10.1300/j301v02n04_06

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is a source of several health beneficial compounds including significantly higher amounts of resveratrol content in wine compared to that produced from Vitis vinifera (Ector et al 1996). Although several varieties have been developed through conventional breeding, a number of undesirable characteristics including thick skin, large number of seeds and incidence of fruit rot during storage (Himelrick, 2003) limit wide-spread production and consumer acceptance of this health beneficial fruit. Transfer of desirable traits sexually including seedlessness, from V. vinifera (2n = 38) to V. rotundifolia (2n = 40) is restricted by differences in chromosome numbers between the two species (Patel and Olmo, 1955).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing induction and maintenance of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. embryogenic cultures

Dhekney

Gray

2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Unopened leaves, petioles and fully opened leaves from micropropagation cultures of five Vitis rotundifolia Michx. varieties were cultured on induction medium to study their embryogenic response. Among the various explants tested, the maximum number of varieties produced embryogenic cultures from unopened leaves followed by fully opened leaves and petioles. Based on morphological differences, two types of embryogenic cultures were identified. Friable cultures typically arose as proembryonic masses (PEM) on induction medium, whereas somatic embryo production without an intervening PEM stage was observed in compact cultures. Of the five varieties tested, the highest frequency of embryogenic response was observed from fully opened leaves of 'Supreme' and unopened leaves and petioles of 'Delicious'. Attempts to initiate suspension cultures from varieties resulted in proliferation and maintenance of 'Alachua' and 'Carlos' cultures in liquid medium for 16 weeks. Embryogenic potential of varieties was studied on cultures growing on embryo development medium. The maximum number of cotyledonary stage somatic embryos from 0.2 g proembryonic masses were observed in 'Carlos' (379.3) followed by 'Alachua' (350.0) and 'Delicious' (305.0). Cotyledonary stage somatic embryos germinated when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 lM Benzyladenine (BA). Although high embryo germination rates (80-100%) were observed in the varieties tested, plant recovery from germinated somatic embryos ranged from 6-47%. Embryogenic cultures could be maintained on X6 medium and used in genetic engineering studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing induction and maintenance of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. embryogenic cultures

Dhekney

Gray

2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…CI can increase susceptibility to decay by providing a favorable medium for the growth of pathogens (Wang, 1990). The primary symptom of CI identified in this study was brown discoloration of the skin, pulp, and vascular strands of fruit (Himelrick, 2003;Wang, 1990). Table grapes (V. vinifera) were successfully stored at -1°C without showing symptoms of CI (Burg, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Table grapes (V. vinifera) were successfully stored at -1°C without showing symptoms of CI (Burg, 2004). However, CI has been reported in muscadines stored at or below 1.7°C (Himelrick, 2003;Smittle, 1990) but is uncommon in muscadine grapes stored at 2 to 3°C. It was unexpected to find possible symptoms of CI on the muscadine berries studied, because they were stored above the previously reported threshold of 1.7°C (Himelrick, 2003;Smittle, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, CI has been reported in muscadines stored at or below 1.7°C (Himelrick, 2003;Smittle, 1990) but is uncommon in muscadine grapes stored at 2 to 3°C. It was unexpected to find possible symptoms of CI on the muscadine berries studied, because they were stored above the previously reported threshold of 1.7°C (Himelrick, 2003;Smittle, 1990). This illustrates that CI susceptibility might be genotype-specific and creates the potential for opportunities of improvement through tolerance selection in breeding programs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Field Fungicide Applications on Storability, Physicochemical, and Nutraceutical Content of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Genotypes

Barchenger

Clark

Threlfall

et al. 2014

horts

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A major limiting factor in fresh-market muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) commercialization is fruit deterioration during storage. Research on table grapes has shown that field fungicide applications increase storability, but little is known of their effect on muscadines. The effect of field applications of fungicides on physicochemical attributes during postharvest storage and nutraceutical content at date of harvest was evaluated on five muscadine cultivars (Nesbitt, Southern Jewel, Summit, Supreme, and Tara) and four breeding selections from the University of Arkansas Fruit Breeding Program in 2012 and 2013. There were two field treatments (no fungicide and fungicide). For the fungicide treatment, alternating applications of two fungicides were applied to the vine at 14-day intervals during berry maturation. Fruit was harvested and physicochemical attributes including berry volume, titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (%), color (L, chroma, and hue), firmness (force to penetrate berry skins and flesh), storage weight loss (%), and unmarketable fruit (%) were evaluated every 7 days for 3 weeks. Whole muscadine berries were analyzed for nutraceutical content only for the date of harvest. As a result of less decay, less weight loss, and greater firmness during storage, AM 27, ‘Southern Jewel’, and ‘Supreme’ had the highest potential for postharvest storage, whereas AM 01, AM 15, and ‘Tara’ had the least potential. Nutraceutical content varied by genotypes; overall AM 27 had the highest nutraceutical content [sum of anthocyanins, total phenolics, flavonols, resveratrol, and oxygen radical absorbane capacity (ORAC)], whereas ‘Supreme’ and AM 28 had the lowest. Total anthocyanins were only found in the black genotypes and total phenolics and resveratrol were unaffected by fungicide treatment. Total ellagitannins varied among the fungicide treatments. Total flavonols were generally greater in the no fungicide treatments, whereas ORAC was generally greater with fungicide treatments. Year of study and genotype were determined to be major contributors as sources of variation. Although field fungicide applications did not affect all postharvest attributes and nutraceutical components, differences among genotypes and fungicide treatments did occur.

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“…The primary symptom of CI identified in this study was brown discoloration of the skin, pulp, and vascular strands of fruit. Although CI has been reported in muscadines stored at 1.7°C or below (Himelrick, 2003), CI is not usually observed in muscadine grapes stored at 2 to 3°C. Leakage and shriveling were also common causes of unmarketability during storage but can be managed by removing berries with wet stem scars before storage and maintaining high RH during storage (Perkins-Veazie et al, 2012;Smit et al, 1971).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Storability Attributes of Muscadine Grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)

Barchenger¹,

Clark²,

Threlfall³

et al. 2015

horts

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Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) are native to the southeastern United States and have potential for greater fresh-market sales if postharvest storage can be improved, but limited information is available on postharvest storability. In 2012 and 2013, physiochemical and storability attributes were measured in 17 muscadine genotypes (selections and cultivars) from the muscadine breeding program at the University of Arkansas or commercial cultivars. The postharvest and physiochemical attributes of the muscadines were measured at harvest and during storage for 3 weeks at 2 °C. Nutraceutical compounds were measured initially after harvest. As a result of extreme differences in weather in 2012 and 2013, the data were analyzed by year. Genotypes significantly affected storage attributes [weight loss (%), and unmarketable berries (%)] and physiochemical attributes such as penetration force (force to penetrate berry skin), titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (%), berry color (L*, chroma, and hue) as well as the nutraceutical compounds. The postharvest attributes of weight loss and unmarketable berries and the physiochemical attribute of penetration force were significantly affected by postharvest storage, but berry composition attributes remained fairly constant during storage. Overall, University of Arkansas selections AM 04, AM 26, AM 28, and the cultivar Southern Jewel had the highest potential for postharvest storage, whereas the genotypes AM 01, AM 15, AM 18, and ‘Nesbitt’ had the least potential. Genotypes AM 03, AM 04, AM 27, and ‘Ison’ had the highest nutraceutical contents [total anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonols, resveratrol, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)], whereas AM 18, AM 28, ‘Supreme’, and ‘Tara’ had the lowest contents. Postharvest storage potential, berry composition, berry color, and nutraceutical content were genotype-specific, but commercially viable genotypes were identified that can provide genetic material for breeding programs and postharvest evaluation protocol for commercial use.

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Handling, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Muscadine Grapes

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Factors influencing induction and maintenance of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. embryogenic cultures

Factors influencing induction and maintenance of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. embryogenic cultures

Effect of Field Fungicide Applications on Storability, Physicochemical, and Nutraceutical Content of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Genotypes

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Storability Attributes of Muscadine Grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)

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