“…Compared with TS-ECM, an ideal scaffold material in tissue engineering, C-ECM is normally considered an in vitro niche, in which primary cells and MSCs can be rejuvenated to maintain their proliferation and differentiation capacity [112][113][114]. For instance, C-ECM has been demonstrated to refresh tissue-specific stem cells such as synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122], bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) [123][124][125], umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) [126,127], infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells (IPFSCs) [128][129][130], ESCs [131], periodontal ligament stem cells [132], and neural progenitor cells [133]. C-ECM also refreshes primary cells such as chondrocytes [134,135], nucleus pulposus cells [136,137], and hepatic cells [138] in proliferation and redifferentiation capacities (Table 4).…”